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3B - Abby Blackwell > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of nervous system

A

Detects impulses from senses; control center of the body

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2
Q

Major organs of nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, senses, nerves

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3
Q

Difference between neurons and neuroglia

A

Neurons- make up 10% of nervous system

Neuroglia- “nerve glue”, make up 90% of nervous system

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4
Q

Dendrite

A

Receives the nerve impulses from the senses or another neuron

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5
Q

Soma

A

The body of the neuron that holds the nucleus

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6
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Allows myelin sheath to grow

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7
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

Impulses jump from node to node, which increases speed of impulse

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8
Q

Myelin

A

Insulates the axon. Produced by the Schwann cells

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9
Q

Axon

A

Passageway for nerve impulses after cell body; end in axon terminal

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10
Q

Axon terminal

A

Button-like endings of axon through which axons make contact with other nerve cells

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11
Q

CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid)

A
  • Between the arachnoid layer and the pia mater is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
  • The cerebrospinal fluid protects the brain by preventing the it from contacting the skull
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12
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • Largest part of brain
  • Divided into 2 hemispheres
  • Outer cerebral cortex= Gray matter, made of cell bodies and dendrites
  • Inner cerebral medulla= White matter, made of myelinated axons
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13
Q

Thalamus

A
  • 2 bulb-shaped halves in the center of the brain

- Relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex for processing and sorting

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14
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Controls hormones released by pituitary gland

- Responsible for autonomic processes (body temperature, hunger, sleep, thirst, blood volume, etc)

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15
Q

Brainstem

A
  • Located between the cerebrum and spinal cord.

- Broken into three regions

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16
Q

Brainstem (midbrain)

A
  • Also known as mesencephalon
  • Relays info to cerebrum
  • Controls body movements and postures
17
Q

Brainstem (Pons)

A
  • The Bridge!
  • Almost completely made of white matter that links cerebral cortex and cerebellum
  • Carries info from one side of brain to the other (why its called the bridge)
  • Central control of breathing
18
Q

Brainstem (Medulla Oblongata)

A
  • Located above the spinal cord
  • Transmits impulses between spinal cord and the brain
  • Controls blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing, and coughing
19
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Second largest part of brain
  • Near back of skull
  • Responsible for coordinating the movements directed by the cerebrum so that they are graceful and efficient
  • All involuntary movements
  • Aids in “muscle memory”
20
Q

Spinal Cord

A
  • Extends from the medulla oblongata
  • 31 pairs of spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord, connecting to all parts of the body
  • Relays impulses from the PNS to the brain
  • A cross section of the spinal cord has a “butterfly” of gray matter surrounded by white matter
21
Q

Frontal lobe

A
  • Voluntary movements (walking)
  • Reasoning & decision-making
  • Memory
  • Verbal communication
22
Q

Parietal lobe

A
  • Sensations
  • Visual-spatial processing
  • Body position
23
Q

Occipital lobe

A

-Visual processing: vision and memory of objects

24
Q

Temporal lobe

A
  • Memory
  • Comprehension & pronunciation of words
  • Sensations of smell and sound
25
Q

Merkel’s Disk

A

Touch receptor

26
Q

Hair Follicle Receptor

A

Touch receptor

27
Q

Ruffini’s Corpuscle

A

Touch and pressure receptors

28
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle

A

Pressure receptor

29
Q

Free Nerve Ending

A

Pain and temperature receptors

30
Q

Malleus

A

Bone in your ear, known as the hammer

31
Q

Anvil

A

Bone in your ear, known as the anvil

32
Q

Stapes

A

Bone in your ear, known as the stirrup

33
Q

Cochlea

A
  • Located in inner ear

- A bony snail-shaped structure containing membranes filled with fluid

34
Q

Cornea

A
  • Made of thick, transparent tissue

- Allows light into the eye

35
Q

Iris

A
  • Located behind the cornea
  • Colored part of the eye
  • Works with pupil to regulate light entering the eye
36
Q

Pupil

A
  • Opening in the center of the iris
  • Muscles regulate the amount of light entering the eye
  • Low light: pupil wide open
  • High light: pupil nearly closed
37
Q

Retina

A
  • Located in the back of the eye, contains thousands of photoreceptors
  • Two kinds of photoreceptors: Rods and Cones
  • Rods: all over retina, responsible for vision in low light, extremely sensitive
  • Cones: center of retina, responsible for detection of colors, less sensitive
38
Q

Lens

A

Semi-solid disc that directs light waves towards retina

39
Q

Farsighted vs. Nearsighted

A
  • Farsighted- eyeballs are too short

- Nearsighted- eyeballs are too long

3B - Abby Blackwell (11 decks)

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