Respiratory System Flashcards
Primary functions
- To provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration
- Remove the waste product carbon dioxide
- Help to maintain acid-base balance
Secondary functions
- Sensing odors
- Speech production
- Straining (during childbirth or coughing)
Conducting zone
Moves air in/out of lungs
Respiratory system
Moves gases in/out go blood
Nose
The major entrance and exit for the respiratory system .
Pharynx
The part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and superior to the esophagus and larynx
Larynx
The cartilaginous structure that connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs
Trachea
A tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air
Alveolar duct
A tube composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, which opens into a cluster of alveoli
Alveolus
One of the many small, grape-like sacs that are attached to the alveolar ducts
Alveolar sac
A cluster of many individual alveoli that are responsible for gas exchange
Boyle’s Law (formula)
P1V1 = P2V2
Boyle’s Law (text explanation)
Pressure and volume are inversely related
Inspiration
The process of taking air into the lungs
Medulla Oblongata
The control center that tells us to breathe
Eupnea
Quiet breathing, also known as eupnea, is a mode of breathing that occurs at rest and does not require the cognitive thought of the individual
Diaphragmatic breathing
A deep breath, called diaphragmatic breathing, requires the diaphragm to contract. As the diaphragm relaxes, air passively leaves the lungs. A shallow breath, called costal breathing, requires contraction of the intercostal muscles
Hyperpnea
Forced breathing, also known as hyperpnea, is a mode of breathing that can occur during exercise or actions that require the active manipulation of breathing, such as singing
Diaphragm
This is the main breathing muscle. A signal is sent from the brain, and the diaphragm contracts and flattens, thereby increasing the space in the thoracic cavity.
Expiration
The process of letting air out of the lungs during the breathing cycle
Atelectasis
A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are either partially or totally collapsed
Pneumonia
A lung infection that can be caused by either viruses, fungi, protists, or bacteria
Asthma
A condition in which the body reacts to an allergy by causing constriction of the airways of the lungs
Emphysema
The alveolar air sacs are destroyed and the lung itself becomes “floppy”, much like a balloon that has been inflated and deflated too many times
Chronic Bronchitis
Inflamed airways and large amounts of sputum are being produced
Pneumothorax
Air inside the thoracic cavity and outside the lungs
Tuberculosis
Bacterial infection that thrives in areas of the body that have high oxygen content
