Skeletal system Flashcards
Two types of skeleton
Axial and appendicular
How many bones in Axial & list the main bones
Axial: 80 Main bones are skull, laryngeal skeleton, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
How many bones in Appendicular & list the main bones
Appendicular: 126 Main bones are Pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles
Total bones in human body?
206
Functions of the Skeletal System
Support and protection
Body Movement
Produces blood cells
Storage of minerals and fats
(5) The classifications of bones
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Seasomied
Epiphysis
End of both sides of a given bone
Diaphysis
The hollow inside of your bone
Articular Cartilage
Articular cartilage is the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints. Protects bone from too much friction
Periosteum
The periosteum helps bone growth. The outer periosteum layer contributes to the blood supply of your bones and the surrounding muscles.
Medullary Cavity
hollow chamber filled with bone marrow
(2) Functions of Red/Yellow Bone Marrow
Red marrow produces blood and Yellow marrow stores fat
Compact Bone Tissue
Compact is solid w no holes (wall of the diaphysis)
Spongy Bone Tissue
Spongy has lots of holes in it (cancellous, epiphysis) - red marrow
Flexion/Extension
Flexion is a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts. Extension isa movement that increases the angle between two body parts
Abduction/Adduction/Circumduction
Abduction is the movement away from midline of body. Adduction is the movement towards the midline of body. Circumduction is the movement of a body region in a circular manner.
Rotation
Rotation is the movement of the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint
Supination/Pronation
Supination is hands facing up with bend in arm. Pronation is hands facing down like a push up
Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion
Dorsiflexion is toes in the air and Plantar is foot towards the ground
Inversion/Eversion
Inversion is feet facing towards midline of the body Eversion is feet facing away from the midline of the body
Protraction/Retraction
Protraction is shoulders moving forward and Retraction is shoulders back
Depression/Elevation
Depression is shoulders going down and Elevation is them going up
Opposition/Reposition
Opposition is thumb and index touching and reposition is back to normal
How many bones are in the cranium
The eight bones of the cranium form the “vault” that encloses the brain. They include the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones
What is the only movable bone in your skull
The only bone in your skull that forms freely movable joints is your mandible, or jawbone.
What are the five vertebral regions (from superior to inferior)
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal
How many vertebrae are in cervical
7 vertebrae
How many vertebrae are in thoracic
12 vertebrae
How many vertebrae are in lumbar
5 vertebrae
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of spine
Kyphosis
Posterior curvature of spine
Lordosis
A curve inward of the lower back
what does the thoracic cage protect
It protects your internal organs
Costal cartalige
Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension
3 types of ribs and how many
True 1-7, false 8-12, floating 11-12
Long
Thin and curved, points of attachment for muscles
irregular
Complex shape and protects internal organs
Sesamoid
Small and round embedded in tendons
Red marrow
Blood
Yellow marrow
Fat
Pivot
Uniaxial joints, allows rotational movement
Hinge
Uniaxial joints, allows flexion and extension
Condyloid
Biaxial joint, allows
flexion/extensions,
abduction/adduction, and
circumduction
Saddle
Biaxial joint, allows
flexion/extensions,
abduction/adduction, and
circumduction
Plane
Multiaxial joint, allows inversion and eversion of foot, or flexion/extension, and lateral flexion
of the vertebral column
Ball and socket
Multiaxial joint, allows, allows
flexion/extension of hips and hip
Amphiarthrosis
Joint that has limited mobility
Diarthrosis
A freely mobile joint
Synovial Joints
This fluid-filled space is so bones don’t rub against each other to harshly. unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint
Axial main bones
laryngeal skeleton, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
Appendicular main bones
Pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles
The vertebral column
the 3 sections that make up the entire spine
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Thoracic cage
It consists of the 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum.
The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12).
The thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs.
Pectoral Girdle
Clavicle and scapula and the and the pectoral girdle is anchored to the axial skeleton by a single, highly mobile joint
Humerus
long bone that runs from the shoulder and scapula (shoulder blade) to the elbow
Radius
It is in the lateral forearm when in the anatomical position. It is the smaller of the two bones
Ulna
It is located in the medial forearm when the arm is in the anatomical position. It is the larger of the two forearm bones.
Carpals
In hands superior to metacarpals
Metacarpals
In hands inferior to carpals
Phalanges
In both ends of feet and hands
Femur
Upper bone of the leg
Tibia
Behind and to the outside of the tibia, and it connects the knee with the ankle bones.
Fibula
Lateral to the tibia in the lower leg
Metatarsals
In feet inferior to tarsals
