Integumentary System Flashcards
Main organs of the Integumentary system
Skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands
Function #1
Your skin protects your organs and keeps bacteria outside of the body
Function #2
The skin has receptors that let the body sense touch are located in the top layers of the skin - the dermis and epidermis.
Function #3
prevents water loss and regulates body temperature
Function #4
Your body makes vitamin D from being out in the sun
Skin
Protects your body from the outside elements and is the most superficial organ of a human
Epidermis
The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.
Dermis
The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands
Hypodermis
The hypodermis is the subcutaneous layer lying below the dermis; it consists largely of fat. It provides the main structural support for the skin, as well as insulating the body from cold and aiding shock absorption.
Keratin
A type of protein found on epithelial cells, which line the inside and outside surfaces of the body. Keratins help form the tissues of the hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin.
Keratinocyte
As the most dominant cell type constituting the epidermis, keratinocytes play multiple roles essential for skin repair.
Stratum basale
This layer contains column-shaped basal cells that are constantly dividing and being pushed toward the surface.
Stratum spinosum
The stratum spinosum is partly responsible for the skin’s strength and flexibility.
Stratum granulosum
Help to form a waterproof barrier that functions to prevent fluid loss from the body.
Stratum lucidum
The stratum lucidum is responsible for the capability of the skin to stretch. It also contains a protein that is responsible for the degeneration of skin cells
Stratum corneum
Most superficial of the layers and prevents unwanted materials from entering, and excessive loss of water from exiting the body.
From superficial to deep
Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale
Thick skin
Thick skin is thicker due to it containing an extra layer in the epidermis, called the stratum lucidum. Found only on hands and soles of feet
Thin skin
Thin skin also contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. Found almost everywhere on the body
Hair
Hair helps to keep body warm
Hair follicle
A hair follicle anchors each hair into the skin. The hair bulb forms the base of the hair follicle
Hair shaft
The primary purpose for this is to trap a layer of air to add insulation.
Hair root
The root of the hair is made up of protein cells and is nourished by blood from nearby blood vessels. As more cells are created, the hair grows out of the skin and reaches the surface
Free edge
Free edge of the nail that seals the nail plate to the tip of the finger. This acts as a seal to prevent pathogenic bacteria from entering the finger.
Lunula
The lunula has a primary structural role in defining the free edge of the distal nail plate.
Cuticle
The cuticle function is to protect new nails from bacteria when they grow out from the nail root.
Nail Root
It produces most of the volume of the nail and the nail bed.
Pores
Pores serve an important function. They allow sweat and oil to escape through your skin, cooling you off and keeping your skin healthy while getting rid of toxins.
Apocrine Sweat Glands
The apocrine sweat glands, associated with the presence of hair in human beings (as on the scalp, the armpit, and the genital region), continuously secrete a concentrated fatty sweat into the gland tube.
Eccrine Sweat Glands
Eccrine sweat glands help to maintain homoeostasis, primarily by stabilizing body temperature.
Squamous skin cancer
Sun exposure over time mixed with genetics. Lots of UV ray exposure can cause cancer.
Melanoma
Is a skin cancer that forms in melanocytes that make melanin. Causes discoloration of skin. Can cause sores that don’t heal, redness, and swelling.
Eczema
Skin condition makes your skin red, itchy, and flaky. There is no known cure but there is prevention for it.
Acne
Occurs when oils and dead skin become blocked under your skin. Clean skin, and moistures. Pimples are symptoms of acne.
1st degree burn
Burns that affect the epidermis and are the last serious of all burns. Symptoms are peeling skin, dry skin, or swelling.
2nd degree burn
Is when a burn affects the first and second layer. Does not reach the hypodermic and they cause blisters and most painful burn.
3rd degree burn
Affect epidermis and dermis, nerves are dead
4th degree burn
Is the worse of all burns and they burn to the muscle and sometimes to the bone. All nerve endings are destroyed
Stretch marks
Happen when skin stretches or shrinks to rapidly
Callus
Is a small area of thickened skin that forms as a result of repetitive friction, pressure or irritation. Symptoms are tender feeling and rough skin.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma begins in the basal cells.A type of cell within the skin that produces new skin cells as old ones die off. Basal cell carcinoma often appears as a slightly transparent bump on the skin, though it can take other forms.
