Nervous System Flashcards
Function of Nervous System
To detect impulses from the senses; control center of the body
Major Organs of Nervous System
Brain,Spinal Cord, Senses, Nerves
Difference between Neurons and Neuroglia
Neurons make up 10% of brain Neuroglia make up 90%
Dendrite
Receive the nerve impulses from the senses or another neuron
Soma
Body of the neuron that holds the nucleus
Schwann Cells
Development, maintenance, function, and regeneration of peripheral nerves.
Node of Ranvier
Impulses jump from node to node, which increase speed of impulse
Myelin
Insulates the axon. Produced by the Schwann cells
Axon
Passageway for nerve impulses after cell body; end in axon terminal
Axon Terminal
Small swellings that are found at the terminal ends of axons
CSF
CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) to cushion the brain within the skull and serve as a shock absorber for the central nervous system
Cerebrum
Largest and uppermost portion of the brain also responsible for integrating sensory impulses, directing motor activity, and controlling higher intellectual functions
Frontal lobe
Front part of brain; voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions
Parietal lobe
Processes sensory information it receives from the outside world, mainly relating to touch, taste, and temperature
Temporal lobe
Second largest part of the brain; processes affect/emotions, language, and certain aspects of visual perception
Occipital lobe
Associated with visuospatial processing, distance and depth perception, color determination, object and face recognition, and memory formation
Thalamus
Small structure within the brain located just above the brain stem between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain relays motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus is to maintain your body’s internal balance, which is known as homeostasis
Brainstem
Responsible for many vital functions of life, such as breathing, consciousness, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep. The brainstem contains many critical collections of white and grey matter
The midbrain (mesencephalon)
The forward-most portion of the brainstem and is associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal
The pons (metencephalon)
The metencephalon contains the pons and cerebellum The nerve fibers in the pons as a conduit, making the structure a key part of sensory function as well.
The medulla oblongata (myelencephalon)
Basic life support functions like respiration and heart rate The medulla oblongata also acts as a protective system that eliminates things that don’t belong (sneezing/coughing) in your body
Cerebellum
Main function of the cerebellum is maintaining balance, posture, and tone of the body
Spinal Cord
The pathway for messages sent by the brain to the body and from the body to the brain.
Merkel’s
respond to indentation of the skin
Hair follicle receptor
which means it sends and receives nerve impulses to and from the brain when the hair moves
Ruffini’s corpuscle
These receptors adapt slowly to pressure that results in stretching of the skin. They record the sustained presence of pressure on the skin
Pacinian corpuscle
Acts as a receptor for pressure and vibration
Free nerve ending
Sensitive to painful stimuli, to hot and cold, and to light touch
Malleus
Transmits vibrations caused by sound waves from the eardrum membrane to the liquid of the inner ear. First of the 3
Incus
The incus transmits vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. Is the middle of the three
Stapes
Drives the fluid in the cochlea, producing a traveling wave along the basilar membrane
Cochlea
In the cochlea, It transforms sound waves into electrical impulses which are sent on to the brain
Cornea
Window that controls and focuses the entry of light into the eye and two-thirds of eye focusing power
Pupil
Controlling the amount of light entering the eye, and hence the light reflex
Iris
Iris controls the amount of light that enters the eye by opening and closing the pupil
Retina
Receive light from the lens, convert it to neural signals and transmit them to the brain for visual recognition
Lens
Lens is to transmit light, focusing it on the retina
Farsighted
Farsighted means you can’t see things clear when close but can see things clear from far
Nearsighted
Nearsighted is when you can see close things clearly and can’t see clear from far
