Respiratory System Flashcards
Primary functions
To provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration
Remove the waste product carbon dioxide
Help to maintain acid-base balance
Second functions
Secondary functions are voice production, body temperature regulation, acid-base regulation, & the sense of smell
Conducting zone
Moves air in and out of the lungs
Respiratory zone
Respiratory zone is found deep inside the lungs and is made up of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
Nose
The major entrance and exit for the respiratory system
Pharynx
Is the part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and superior to the esophagus and larynx
Larynx
Regulates volume of air
Trachea
The trachea is the long tube that connects your larynx (voice box) to your bronchi
Alveolar duct
Alveolar ducts are tiny ducts that connect the respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs, each of which contains a collection of alveoli
Alveolus
Any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange
Alveolar sac
Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles (tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs). The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out
Boyle’s Law (formula)
p1v1=p2v2
Boyle’s Law (explanation)
States that at a fixed temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas
Inspiration
When the lungs inhale, the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward. As a result, air rushes in and fills the lungs
Expiration
When the lungs exhale, the diaphragm relaxes, and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, while the pressure within it increases
Medulla Oblongata
The medulla oblongata plays a critical role in transmitting signals between the spinal cord and the higher parts of the brain and in controlling autonomic activities, such as heartbeat and respiration
Eupnea
Normal respiration
Diaphragmatic breathing
Involves fully engaging the stomach, abdominal muscles, and diaphragm when breathing. This means actively pulling the diaphragm down with each inward breath
Hyperpnea
Abnormally rapid or deep breathing happens when your body needs more oxygen. Exercise or physical activity is the most frequent situation for hyperpnea
Diaphragm
The diaphragm, located below the lungs, is the major muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, involuntarily
Atelectasis
Complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or area (lobe) of the lung. It occurs when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become deflated or possibly filled with alveolar fluid
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames your lungs’ air sacs (alveoli). The air sacs may fill up with fluid or pus
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic lung disorder that causes airways to become inflamed. The muscles surrounding the airways also tend to tighten, which makes the already clogged airways even narrower
Emphysema
Condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness
Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is long-term inflammation of the bronchi. It is common among smokers
Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax is air around or outside the lung. It may result from chest trauma, excess pressure on the lungs or a lung disease
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes
