Skeletal System

Question 1

Function

Answer 1

Movement, mineral storage, support, protection, & blood cell formation (RBC’s produced in bone marrow)

Question 2

Bone

Answer 2

Hard calcified material that makes up the skeletal system -Constantly being reorganized -Synthesize blood and immune cells -Stores calcium, phosphate, and lipids

Question 3

Types of Bones

Answer 3

o Long Bones: long compact hollow shafts containing marrow - Ends are spongy with air pockets -EX)Tibia, fibula, femur, metatarsals, phalanges, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges o Short Bones: Wider than they are long -EX) Metatarsals, Clavicle,carpals o Flat Bones: Not hollow, but contain marrow found in skull, thoracic cage, and pelvis - EX) Scapula, Ribs, Sternum o Irregular Bones: Non-symmetrical shape - EX) Skull, Knee, Elbow, Vertebra,sacrum o Sesamoid bones: Patella

Question 4

Axial Skeleton

Answer 4

Skull, sternum, ribs, & vertebral column o Skull: Cranium, Face o Hyoid, Auditory ossicles o Vertebral column o Thorax o Sternum Ribs

Question 5

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 5

Arms, legs, hips & shoulders o Shoulder girdle: Clavicle & Scapula ▪ Upper limbs: Humerus, Radius, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges o Pelvic Girdle: ▪ Hip, Pelvic, or Coxal bone o Lower Limbs: ▪ Femur, Patella, Fibula, Tibia, Tarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges

Question 6

Ligament

Answer 6

Articulates BONE to BONE

Question 7

Tendon

Answer 7

Articulates MUSCLE to BONE

Question 8

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 8

-Covers articulating surface of bones -Prevents bone on bone grinding

Question 9

Synovial Joint

Answer 9

Contain lubricating synovial fluid -Pivot Joint: Neck - Ball and Socket Joint: Hip -Hinge Joint: Knee

Question 10

-Osteocytes: -Osteoclast: -Osteoblast:

Answer 10

-Osteocytes: Bone Cells -Osteoclast: Multinucleate o Removes/absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing -Osteoblast: Mononucleate o Cells that build bone

Question 11

Periosteum

Answer 11

Fibrous sheath that covers bone and contains nerve and blood vessel

Question 12

Osteon

Answer 12

Cylindrical structure that comprise, synthesize, and compact bone -Composed of Calcium and phosphate rich Hydroxyapatite embedded in collagen matrix

Question 13

Collagen

Answer 13

Primary structural protein of connective tissue

Question 14

Canaliculi

Answer 14

Small channel or duct in ossified bone

Question 15

Cartilage

Answer 15

Tough, elastic connective tissue found in parts of the body (Ear)

Question 16

Haversian Canal

Answer 16

Channels in bone that contain BV and Nerves

Question 17

Lamellae

Answer 17

Layers of the bone, tissues, or cell walls

Question 18

Lining Cells

Answer 18

Flattened bone cells that come from osteoblasts

Question 19

Volkmann Canal

Answer 19

Channels in bone that transmit BV and communicate with Haversian Canals

Question 20

Types of Bone Disease

Answer 20

-Osteoporosis: causes brittle, fragile bones -Brittle Bone Disease: Group of Diseases that affect the collagen (defect in the matrix) and results in fragile bones -Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease - Rheumatoid Arthritis: Progressive disease the causes joint inflammation and pain