Chemistry Flashcards
-Solid: rock, wood, paper Rigid, fixed volume,fixed shape *cannot be squashed
-Molecules are packed together in a tight, orderly pattern -Vibrational motion, not translational motion -Retains shape -Retains density
-Liquid: water, juice, soda Not rigid, no fixed shape, fixed volume *cannot be squashed
-Molecules are less ordered than solids, less tightly packed -Vibrational and translational motion -Shape is indefinite- takes shape of container -Retains volume
-Gas: oxygen, methane, carbon dioxide Not rigid, no fixed shape, no fixed volume *Can be squashed
-Molecules are rapidly moving and spread far apart- -Highly compressible- expands to fill container -No definite shape -No definite volume
Change in Matter
Condensation: Gas🡪 Liquid Deposition: Gas🡪 Solid Evaporation: Liquid🡪Gas Freezing: Liquid🡪 Solid Melting: Solid🡪Liquid Sublimation: Solid🡪Gas
Boiling
The transition of liquid to gas when a substance has acquired enough thermal energy
Critical Point
The temperature at which LIQUID and GAS phases have same density.
Phase Diagram
A graph of physical states of a substance under varying temperature and pressure.
Triple Point
The temperature and pressure at which all 3 phases of a pure substance coexists
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond where electrons are SHARED between atoms (2 NON metals)
Ionic Bond
Between 2 metals or a metal and a nonmetal. Complete TRANSFER of electrons
Proton
positively charged atomic particle (determines atomic number)
Electron
Negatively charged atomic particle- very small and irrelevant to mass of atom.
Neutron
Determines isotope. Added to number protons to get atomic mass. No electric charge
Anion
Negatively charged ion
Cation
Positively charged ion
Atom
The most basic complete unit of an element
