Respiratory System

Question 1

Function

Answer 1

*Transporting O2 from the atmosphere into the body’s cells and moving CO2 in the other direction *Responsible for speech, air passes through larynx (vibrates &produces sound) before entering trachea (windpipe). *Vital in cough production, expels foreign from body. * Chemoreceptors smell airborne particles in nasal cavity. *Helps body maintain acid-base homeostasis. Hyperventilation increases blood pH during acidosis (low pH), slowing breathing during alkalosis (high pH) helps lower blood pH

Question 2

Upper Respiratory System

Lower respiratory system

Answer 2

Upper - Nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx and larynx

Lower-Trachea, lungs, and bronchial tree

Question 3

Lungs

Answer 3

Bronchi, Bronchial network, alveoli

*5 Lobes (2 left, 3 right). Main structure of respiratory system.

*Right lung has three lobes ▪

*Left lung has two lobes, leaving room for heart.

*Lungs are surrounded by pleural membrane, reduces friction between surfaces when breathing.

Question 4

Airway

Answer 4

nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx (throat, larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, and bronchial network.

o Lined with cilia, which brings debris toward the mouth

o Lungs: Bronchi, Bronchial network, alveoli

Question 5

Alveoli

Answer 5

Tiny air sacs; site of O2 and CO2 exchange. * Occurs by diffusion (passive transport)*

Question 6

Bronchi

Answer 6

The main passageways directly attached to the lungs

Question 7

Bronchiole

Answer 7

Small passages that connect bronchi to alveoli

Question 8

Trachea

Answer 8

Windpipe, connects Larynx to lungs

Question 9

Larynx

Answer 9

Voice box

Question 10

Pharynx

Answer 10

Located behind mouth, also part of GI system

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

Dome-shaped sheet of muscle and tendon that serves as the main muscle of respiration and plays a vital role in the breathing process

Question 12

Pleura

Answer 12

Membrane around lungs, inside chest cavity

Question 13

Perfusion

Answer 13

Passage of fluid to an organ or tissue

Question 14

Surfactant

Answer 14

A fluid secreted by alveoli; reduces surface tension- Prevent lung collapse

Question 15

Tidal Volume

Answer 15

The amount of air breathed in a normal inhalation or exhalation

Question 16

Ventilation

Answer 16

Movement of air in and out of body via inhalation and exhalation

Question 17

Breathing process

Answer 17

Diaphragm & intercostal muscles contract to expand lung

Medulla oblongata: controls breathing process

▪ Medulla monitors level of carbon dioxide in blood, & signals breathing rate to increase when levels are too high.

Question 18

*Inhalation: Diaphragm contracts downward, ribs push out, lungs fill with air *Exhalation: Diaphragm relaxes upward, ribs relax, air pushes out

Answer 18

*Hyperventilation: More CO2 than the body can produce (breathing out more than in) *Hypoventilation: Breathing at an abnormally slow rate, resulting in an increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood