Skeletal Sys. Flashcards
Functions of skeletal system
- Structure, support, movement
- Protection
- Hemopoiesis- blood cell produc. By bone marrow
- Mineral storage and calcium homeostasis
Flat bones
Broad surfaces
Ribs, scapulae, some skull bones
Irregular bones
Various shapes
Facial, vertebrae
Sesamoid
Small, flat, and located inside tendons
Patella
Short bones
Small, cube-shaped
Carpals, tarsals
Long bones
Long with expanded ends
Humerus, femur, phalanges, metacarpals, and metatarsals
Fx. Of bone features
Attachment sights for muscles, passageways for nerves, and articulation sites with other bones
Periosteum
CT layer covering bones, protection and growth
Compact bone
Very dense, strength and support
Spongy bone
Trabeculae- scaffolding, provides support and allows for storage of bone marrow which LIGHTENS overall bone
Osteoblasts
Build bone tissue, matrix with collagen fibers (flexibility), calcium phosphate to deposit (strength)
Osteoclasts
Break down bone matrix
Osteocytes
Bone cells trapped inside hardened matrix
Central canal
Haversian canals, blood and nerves to pass up and down length of bone
Perforating canals
Volkman canals, exterior to internal passing of blood and nerves (lateral movement)
Lacunae, lacuna (singular)
House mature bone cells (osteocytes)
Canaliculi
Tunnels, look like legs of spider, connect osteocytes in lacunae
Lamellae
Rings of Osteon
Ossification
Turning cartilage into bone
Periosteum 2 layers
Exterior coating,
- Fibrous- outermost
- Cellular- osteoclasts and osteoblasts live here
Epiphyseal plates (children) or lines (adults)
Growth, connects diaphysial and epiphysis
Hyaline cartilage
Articular cartilage, nasal cartilages, costal cartilages, ends of long bones
Fibrocartilage
Shock absorbing, intervertebral disks, menisci of the knee, and the pubic symphysis
Diaphysis (shaft)
Marrow/ medullary cavity- red marrow, as we age —> yellow marrow (fat)
Endosteum- cellular layer lining marrow cavity (growth)
Epiphysis (ends, club-y)
Articular cartilage- hyaline, durability, and site of growth (ossification), responds to stress
Red marrow- hemopoletic tissus (blood cells and platelets)
Intramembranous ossification
Flat bones during early uterus stages