Integumentary System Aka HAIR SKIN AND NAILS Flashcards

1
Q

Functions

A

Protection, vitamin D, production, temp. Regulation, water retention, sensation, nonverbal communication

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2
Q

Skin layers (2)

A

Epidermis (superficial), and dermis (deep layer)

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3
Q

“Third layer of skin”

Not really a layer but attaches skin to the body

A

Hypodermis

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4
Q

Cutaneous layers

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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5
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Hypodermis

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6
Q

Hypodermis tissue

A

Adipose (fat) connective tissue

PROTECTS US FROM INJURY… so the more fat the better? Bring on the Chipotle

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7
Q

Epidermis tissue

A

Top layer, stratified squamous epithelial tissue

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8
Q

Dermis tissue

A

Loose/areolar connective tissue OVER the dense irregular connective tissue

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9
Q

LAYERS of the Epidermis (4- thin skin, 5- thick skin)

A

1 Stratum basale (think b=base), division to make new epidermis
2 Stratum spinosum, desmosomes (attach cells to one another), proteins
3 Stratum granulosum, oil/keratin production
4 Stratum lucidum, only in THICK SKIN
5 Stratum corneum, not living, the shell, durable, desmosomes break down and flake off

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10
Q

Where thick skin is found

A

In areas of consistently high abrasion, soles of feet, palms, lips

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11
Q

B, S, G, L, C

Memorize for layers of epidermis, in order from bottom to top

A

Stratum

Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum

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12
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Creates keratin (hard protein=durability for skin, hair, and nails this process is called cornification or keratinization

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13
Q

Exfoliation/ desquamation

A

Desmos break down, cells flake off

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14
Q

Melanocytes and Melanosomes

A

Gives pigmentation to skin, this is genetic, in the epidermis

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15
Q

Dermis

A

Papillary region and reticular region

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16
Q

Papillary region

A

Superficial, fingerprints/toe prints (helps us grip, identify), elastic fibers

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17
Q

Reticular region

A

Deeper, collagen (strength) and elastic fibers (flexibility, ability to return to original position)

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18
Q

Dermis is vascular… what does this mean and tell us?

A

Has a lot of blood vessels, affects the color of the skin which is diagnostic

19
Q

Cyanosis

A

Lack of oxygen/blood = bluish tint

20
Q

Erythema

A

Lots of blood blow (such as when hot) = pink or red

21
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowing, indicator of liver disease

22
Q

Dermis is sensory

A

Lamellar and tactile corpuscles are for pressure and touch

23
Q

Sebaceous glands produce….

A

Sebum (OIL), comedo (pimple) from excess sebum plugging ducts… acne, slightly acidic- anti funnel covering

24
Q

Sweat glands produce…. SWEAT (revolutionary concept Sophie)

A

Apocrine- armpit and groin, stress activated, milky secretions
Merocrine- all over body, temp. Activated, watery perspiration

25
Q

Ceruminous gland

A

Auditory canal (ear wax)

26
Q

Mammary glands

A

Milk in lactating mothers

27
Q

Nutrition knowledge take away on Dermis

A

Plays a role in keeping the integumentary system healthy

28
Q

Lanugo hair

A

Very fine, unpigmented, on fetus usually replaced by birth/ at birth

29
Q

Vellus hair

A

Unpigmented and fine, replaces lanugo hair around the time of birth, body hair on most women and children

30
Q

Terminal hair

A

Thick, coarse, heavily pigmented, eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair on scalp,

Forms on armpits and pubic regions during puberty on both sexes

On trunk, limbs, and face of men

31
Q

Human hair into 3 sections

A

Bulb- thickening of the hair at the end of the hair follicle
Root- extends from the bulb out from the skin’s surface
Shaft- hair extending out from the skin’s surface

32
Q

Arrector pili

A

Muscle, contracts and raises hair in the follicle on end, goosebumps

33
Q

Lighter hair colors are…

A

A lack of pigment NOT a light pigment color

34
Q

Hair stages

A

Growing stage, resting stage, falls out

1/2 inch per month, growth stage lasts for approx. 3 years
1-2 year resting stage
Falls out

35
Q

Nails (never stop growing)

A

Nail matrix: growth center at the ROOT of the nail is composed of active keratinocytes in the stratum basale
Nail plate: free edge of nail and nail body
Eponychium (CUTICLE): stratum corneum cells
Lunula: white crescent, thick enough to hide blood vessels

36
Q

Injury and wound response

A

Inflammation, clotting (stoppage of blood flow), scabs (pull edges of skin back together, wound contracture), new tissue is formed (fibrosis, scar)

37
Q

First-degree burn

A

Only epidermis is burned, heal quickly, usually do not scar

38
Q

Second-degree burn

A

Entire epidermis is burned, plus some dermis, blisters, may scar, very painful, slow to heal

39
Q

Third-degree burn

A

Destroys all epidermis and dermis, often damages underlying tissue (hypodermis, muscle, nerves, and bone), high risk for infection, shock, severe scarring, requires skin grafts

40
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common (B for basal = b for BASIC lol), easiest to treat, best prognosis

41
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Noticeable changes, early detection important to improve prognosis

42
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Often fatal, often see change in an existing mole (irregular borders, increase in size), high risk for metastasizing = WORST prognosis

43
Q

ABCDE for skin cancer

A

Asymmetry, borders and bleeding, color, diameter, evolving