Integumentary System Aka HAIR SKIN AND NAILS

Question 1

Functions

Answer 1

Protection, vitamin D, production, temp. Regulation, water retention, sensation, nonverbal communication

Question 2

Skin layers (2)

Answer 2

Epidermis (superficial), and dermis (deep layer)

Question 3

“Third layer of skin”

Not really a layer but attaches skin to the body

Answer 3

Hypodermis

Question 4

Cutaneous layers

Answer 4

Epidermis and Dermis

Question 5

Subcutaneous

Answer 5

Hypodermis

Question 6

Hypodermis tissue

Answer 6

Adipose (fat) connective tissue

PROTECTS US FROM INJURY… so the more fat the better? Bring on the Chipotle

Question 7

Epidermis tissue

Answer 7

Top layer, stratified squamous epithelial tissue

Question 8

Dermis tissue

Answer 8

Loose/areolar connective tissue OVER the dense irregular connective tissue

Question 9

LAYERS of the Epidermis (4- thin skin, 5- thick skin)

Answer 9

1 Stratum basale (think b=base), division to make new epidermis
2 Stratum spinosum, desmosomes (attach cells to one another), proteins
3 Stratum granulosum, oil/keratin production
4 Stratum lucidum, only in THICK SKIN
5 Stratum corneum, not living, the shell, durable, desmosomes break down and flake off

Question 10

Where thick skin is found

Answer 10

In areas of consistently high abrasion, soles of feet, palms, lips

Question 11

B, S, G, L, C

Memorize for layers of epidermis, in order from bottom to top

Answer 11

Stratum

Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum

Question 12

Keratinocytes

Answer 12

Creates keratin (hard protein=durability for skin, hair, and nails this process is called cornification or keratinization

Question 13

Exfoliation/ desquamation

Answer 13

Desmos break down, cells flake off

Question 14

Melanocytes and Melanosomes

Answer 14

Gives pigmentation to skin, this is genetic, in the epidermis

Question 15

Dermis

Answer 15

Papillary region and reticular region

Question 16

Papillary region

Answer 16

Superficial, fingerprints/toe prints (helps us grip, identify), elastic fibers

Question 17

Reticular region

Answer 17

Deeper, collagen (strength) and elastic fibers (flexibility, ability to return to original position)

Question 18

Dermis is vascular… what does this mean and tell us?

Answer 18

Has a lot of blood vessels, affects the color of the skin which is diagnostic

Question 19

Cyanosis

Answer 19

Lack of oxygen/blood = bluish tint

Question 20

Erythema

Answer 20

Lots of blood blow (such as when hot) = pink or red

Question 21

Jaundice

Answer 21

Yellowing, indicator of liver disease

Question 22

Dermis is sensory

Answer 22

Lamellar and tactile corpuscles are for pressure and touch

Question 23

Sebaceous glands produce….

Answer 23

Sebum (OIL), comedo (pimple) from excess sebum plugging ducts… acne, slightly acidic- anti funnel covering

Question 24

Sweat glands produce…. SWEAT (revolutionary concept Sophie)

Answer 24

Apocrine- armpit and groin, stress activated, milky secretions
Merocrine- all over body, temp. Activated, watery perspiration

Question 25

Ceruminous gland

Answer 25

Auditory canal (ear wax)

Question 26

Mammary glands

Answer 26

Milk in lactating mothers

Question 27

Nutrition knowledge take away on Dermis

Answer 27

Plays a role in keeping the integumentary system healthy

Question 28

Lanugo hair

Answer 28

Very fine, unpigmented, on fetus usually replaced by birth/ at birth

Question 29

Vellus hair

Answer 29

Unpigmented and fine, replaces lanugo hair around the time of birth, body hair on most women and children

Question 30

Terminal hair

Answer 30

Thick, coarse, heavily pigmented, eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair on scalp,

Forms on armpits and pubic regions during puberty on both sexes

On trunk, limbs, and face of men

Question 31

Human hair into 3 sections

Answer 31

Bulb- thickening of the hair at the end of the hair follicle
Root- extends from the bulb out from the skin’s surface
Shaft- hair extending out from the skin’s surface

Question 32

Arrector pili

Answer 32

Muscle, contracts and raises hair in the follicle on end, goosebumps

Question 33

Lighter hair colors are…

Answer 33

A lack of pigment NOT a light pigment color

Question 34

Hair stages

Answer 34

Growing stage, resting stage, falls out

1/2 inch per month, growth stage lasts for approx. 3 years
1-2 year resting stage
Falls out

Question 35

Nails (never stop growing)

Answer 35

Nail matrix: growth center at the ROOT of the nail is composed of active keratinocytes in the stratum basale
Nail plate: free edge of nail and nail body
Eponychium (CUTICLE): stratum corneum cells
Lunula: white crescent, thick enough to hide blood vessels

Question 36

Injury and wound response

Answer 36

Inflammation, clotting (stoppage of blood flow), scabs (pull edges of skin back together, wound contracture), new tissue is formed (fibrosis, scar)

Question 37

First-degree burn

Answer 37

Only epidermis is burned, heal quickly, usually do not scar

Question 38

Second-degree burn

Answer 38

Entire epidermis is burned, plus some dermis, blisters, may scar, very painful, slow to heal

Question 39

Third-degree burn

Answer 39

Destroys all epidermis and dermis, often damages underlying tissue (hypodermis, muscle, nerves, and bone), high risk for infection, shock, severe scarring, requires skin grafts

Question 40

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 40

Most common (B for basal = b for BASIC lol), easiest to treat, best prognosis

Question 41

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 41

Noticeable changes, early detection important to improve prognosis

Question 42

Malignant melanoma

Answer 42

Often fatal, often see change in an existing mole (irregular borders, increase in size), high risk for metastasizing = WORST prognosis

Question 43

ABCDE for skin cancer

Answer 43

Asymmetry, borders and bleeding, color, diameter, evolving