Basics Flashcards
Serous membranes
Double layered lining with fluid-filled space between
Visceral membrane
Lining covering organs
Parietal membrane
Lining adhered to cavity wall 3 main types
Pericardium
Heart
Pleura
Lungs
Peritoneum
Abdominopelvic
Retroperitoneal
Mesenteries
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a stable internal body environment
Set point
Ideal normal value
Normal range
Allows for some fluctuation
Receptors
Organs
Control center
Brain
Effectors
Produces response, muscles and glands
Back to normal range, goal: set point
Negative feedback
Brings changes back to set point (within normal range)
Most common type of feedback
Blood sugar level and hormone insulin example,
Shivering and sweating examples
Positive feedback
Drives changes further from set point, further out of normal range
Less common type
Pregnancy contractions example
Elements
Fundamental substances that compose matter
Atoms
Smallest unit that determines behavior, goal to be stable
Protons
Positive, in nucleus
Neutrons
Neutral, in the nucleus
Electrons
Negative
Isotopes
Varying number of neutrons
Electrolytes (ions)
When in water conducts electricity
Protons and electrons are equal
Electrically neutral
Ionic bond
One atom gives/ loses, one gains/adds
Becomes more POS. Becomes more NEG.
Covalent bond
Atoms share electrons
ARE MAJORITY of bonds in the body
Polar covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds, (weak), the hydrogen electrons slights more, partial charges
Na+
Sodium
K+
Potassium
Ca++
Calcium
Cl-
Chloride
HCO3
Bicarbonate