Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Serous membranes

A

Double layered lining with fluid-filled space between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Visceral membrane

A

Lining covering organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parietal membrane

A

Lining adhered to cavity wall 3 main types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pericardium

A

Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pleura

A

Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Peritoneum

A

Abdominopelvic
Retroperitoneal
Mesenteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a stable internal body environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Set point

A

Ideal normal value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal range

A

Allows for some fluctuation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Receptors

A

Organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Control center

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Effectors

A

Produces response, muscles and glands

Back to normal range, goal: set point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Negative feedback

A

Brings changes back to set point (within normal range)
Most common type of feedback

Blood sugar level and hormone insulin example,
Shivering and sweating examples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Positive feedback

A

Drives changes further from set point, further out of normal range
Less common type

Pregnancy contractions example

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Elements

A

Fundamental substances that compose matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest unit that determines behavior, goal to be stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Protons

A

Positive, in nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral, in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Electrons

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Isotopes

A

Varying number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Electrolytes (ions)

A

When in water conducts electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Protons and electrons are equal

A

Electrically neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ionic bond

A

One atom gives/ loses, one gains/adds

Becomes more POS. Becomes more NEG.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Covalent bond

A

Atoms share electrons

ARE MAJORITY of bonds in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Polar covalent bonds

A

Hydrogen bonds, (weak), the hydrogen electrons slights more, partial charges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Na+

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

K+

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ca++

A

Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cl-

A

Chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

HCO3

A

Bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

H+

A

Hydrogen

32
Q

OH-

A

Hydroxide

33
Q

Water’s vital functions of the body

A
  1. It allows for ions in solution
  2. Lubricant
  3. AIDS in chemical reactions
  4. Transportation
  5. Temp. Regulation
34
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Lysis when cell ruptures

35
Q

Hypertonic

A

Crenation (flat)

36
Q

Buffers

A

Resist acidic and alkaline

37
Q

7 ph

A

Neutral

38
Q

0-6

A

Acid

39
Q

8-14

A

Base

40
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Chains of Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

41
Q

Organic molecules

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

42
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simple sugars,

Glucose (major fuel for cells)

43
Q

Concentration gradient

A

High conc. want to move low conc. (To be equal)

44
Q

WATER CONC. GRADIENT

A

Likes to move from low to high conc.

45
Q

Cellular respiration

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Kreisler cycle
  3. Electron transport chain
46
Q

Glycolysis

A

Dependent on glucose, 2 ATP, no O2, in the cytoplasm

47
Q

Krebs cycle

A

Mitochondria, O2 present

48
Q

Electron transport chain

A

Mitochondria, total 34 ATP

49
Q

Centrioles

A

Set of Microtubules, perpendicular
Centrosome, area of cytoplasm containing centrioles,
Send out spindle fibers during cell division

50
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

Extension of the nuclear membrane,
Smooth: no ribosomes, lipid and carb synthesis
Rough: Ribosomes present, attached to surface, protein synthesis

51
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis, free (in cytoplasm), fixed (on rough ER), composed of protein and RNA
Transcription - mRNA
Translation - tRNA

52
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Modifies and packages proteins into final product, into vesicles

53
Q

Mitochondria

A

ATP (energy source) synthesis

Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

54
Q

Vesicles

A

Storage and transport
Lysosomes- break down BACTERIA
Peroxisomes- break down TOXINS
Secretory vesicles- store synthesized products

55
Q

Cilia

A

Hair-like structures that move materials across cell surface

56
Q

Flagellum

A

Tail-like structures that allow for cell motility (SPERM)

57
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Cytosol- clear fluid containing nutrients,
Organelles- constrains functional units of the cell
Cytoskeleton- framework that helps maintain structures, allows for cellular movement and movement or organelles within the cell

58
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

High in proteins, High in potassium

Inside cell

59
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

High in sodium, outside of cell

60
Q

Nucleus

A

DNA, control center, Nucleolus- RNA and proteins, creates ribosomes

61
Q

Chromatin

A

Inside nucleus, long, thin

62
Q

Chromosomes

A

Cell division, 46,

63
Q

Chromatid

A

Match copy of DNA

64
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Pores that allows mRNA to leave and go to ribosome to create new proteins

65
Q

Somatic cells

A

All cells in body except sex cells (MITOSIS)

66
Q

Cell membrane

A

Movement in and out, selectively permeable: based on size, electrical charges, and transport proteins Semipermeable: based on size only

LIPID bilayer

67
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Head, loves water, towards ECF,

68
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Hates water, tail, towards ICF

69
Q

Cell membrane proteins

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Receptor- chemicals that tell cell what to do attach
  3. Transport- use of Lipid bilayer, channels: open, ligand-gated, voltage, pumps
  4. Enzymes
  5. Markers
70
Q

Lipids

A

Fats (triglycerides)- energy, protection
Phospholipids- cell structure
Steroids- hormones

71
Q

Proteins

A

Amino acids, folding process because structure of protein determines function

72
Q

Nucleic acids

A

DNA,
C-G
T-A

RNA
C-G
T-U

73
Q

ATP

A

Energy source of the human body

74
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in the human body

75
Q

Speed can be increased by

A
  1. Increasing conc. Of reactants
  2. Adding heat
  3. Using catalysts (lower the activation energy)
76
Q

Passive

A

No energy required
Diffusion- concentration gradients
Facilitated diffusion- proteins must be present
Osmosis- Different amounts of pressure that water creates affecting movement of water, Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic

77
Q

Active

A

Energy required,
Active transport- move against concentration gradient
Endocytosis- into the cell, pinocytosis, phagocytosis
Exocytosis- out of the cell via vesicles

A&P (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions