skeletal revision Flashcards
describe the epiphysis
at the end of bones, carries cancellous bone.
describe the diaphysis
the long shaft of the bone, carries compact bone.
describe perieosteum
smooth outer layer of long bone, protects compact and cancellous bone/
describe bone marrow and whats in it
red is in cancellous bone, yellow is in compact bone.
describe bone minerals in a bone
located in bone cell matrix, calcium and phosphorus strenghtens matrix.
describe growth plates
in the epiphysis of long bones, new bones are created here.
describe cancellous bone
in epiphysis, less dense and strong.
describe compact bone
in diaphysis, more dense and strong.
describe the medullar cavity
in the empty space down the diaphysis, stores yellow bone marrow.
describe what fossa means
shallow depression in a flat bone
describe what notch means
indentation in a bone
describe what tuberosity means
small projection on a bone
describe what condyle means
round prominence at end of bones
describe what process means
piece of bone that projects out from main body
describe how bone growth occurs
this is done by ossification when cartilage is turned into new bones which happens in the growth plates.
describe how bone remodelling occurs
osteocytes detects mechanical stress and send a hormone signal to the osteoclasts.
osteoclasts secrete a digestive enzyme which dissolves the old bone matrix which is where resorption happens.
then osteoblasts secrete a layer of collagen which ossifies to become new bone.
what are the articulating bones of the shoulder
scapula and humerus
articulating bones of elbow
humerus, radius, ulna
articulating bones of wrist
radius, carpals
articulating bones of hip
pelvis, femur
articulating bones of knee
femur, tibia, patella
articulating bones of ankle
tibia, fibula, talus
describe what a flat bone is
layer of cancellous bone sandwiched between 2 compact bones. function is perioesteum.
describe what a long bone is
form levers, longer than they are wider, appendicular skeleton.
describe what a short bone is
tend to be load bearing, appendicular skeleton.
describe what a seasamoid bone is
do not directly articulate with other bones, surrounded by tendons
describe what a irregular bone is
protect vital organs
describe what the basic structure and function is for ligaments.
white bands of tough, strong inelastic tissue. stabilises joints and restricts movements. connects bone to bone. ball and socket joints need more ligaments
describe what a fibrous joint is
has collagen fibres, in skull so protect the bone, fibres are tough and inelastic.
describe what a cartilagenous joint is
vertebrae and sternum, allow bone growth in childhood, important for breathing, shock absorbers, protection, stability and growth.
describe what a synovial joint is
freely movable joint, hinge, balland socket, condyloid, saddle, plane, pivot.
describe what a saddle joint does
biaxial (sagittal and frontal).
concave and convex.
describe what a pivot joint does
unixial (transverse).
convex.
describe what a hinge joint is
unixial (sagittal)
convex.
describe what a gliding joint is
describe what a condyloid joint is
describe what a ball and socket joint is
triaxial joint
