skeletal revision Flashcards

1
Q

describe the epiphysis

A

at the end of bones, carries cancellous bone.

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2
Q

describe the diaphysis

A

the long shaft of the bone, carries compact bone.

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3
Q

describe perieosteum

A

smooth outer layer of long bone, protects compact and cancellous bone/

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4
Q

describe bone marrow and whats in it

A

red is in cancellous bone, yellow is in compact bone.

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5
Q

describe bone minerals in a bone

A

located in bone cell matrix, calcium and phosphorus strenghtens matrix.

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6
Q

describe growth plates

A

in the epiphysis of long bones, new bones are created here.

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7
Q

describe cancellous bone

A

in epiphysis, less dense and strong.

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8
Q

describe compact bone

A

in diaphysis, more dense and strong.

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9
Q

describe the medullar cavity

A

in the empty space down the diaphysis, stores yellow bone marrow.

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10
Q

describe what fossa means

A

shallow depression in a flat bone

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11
Q

describe what notch means

A

indentation in a bone

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12
Q

describe what tuberosity means

A

small projection on a bone

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13
Q

describe what condyle means

A

round prominence at end of bones

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14
Q

describe what process means

A

piece of bone that projects out from main body

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15
Q

describe how bone growth occurs

A

this is done by ossification when cartilage is turned into new bones which happens in the growth plates.

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16
Q

describe how bone remodelling occurs

A

osteocytes detects mechanical stress and send a hormone signal to the osteoclasts.

osteoclasts secrete a digestive enzyme which dissolves the old bone matrix which is where resorption happens.

then osteoblasts secrete a layer of collagen which ossifies to become new bone.

17
Q

what are the articulating bones of the shoulder

A

scapula and humerus

18
Q

articulating bones of elbow

A

humerus, radius, ulna

19
Q

articulating bones of wrist

A

radius, carpals

20
Q

articulating bones of hip

A

pelvis, femur

21
Q

articulating bones of knee

A

femur, tibia, patella

22
Q

articulating bones of ankle

A

tibia, fibula, talus

23
Q

describe what a flat bone is

A

layer of cancellous bone sandwiched between 2 compact bones. function is perioesteum.

24
Q

describe what a long bone is

A

form levers, longer than they are wider, appendicular skeleton.

25
describe what a short bone is
tend to be load bearing, appendicular skeleton.
26
describe what a seasamoid bone is
do not directly articulate with other bones, surrounded by tendons
27
describe what a irregular bone is
protect vital organs
28
describe what the basic structure and function is for ligaments.
white bands of tough, strong inelastic tissue. stabilises joints and restricts movements. connects bone to bone. ball and socket joints need more ligaments
29
describe what a fibrous joint is
has collagen fibres, in skull so protect the bone, fibres are tough and inelastic.
30
describe what a cartilagenous joint is
vertebrae and sternum, allow bone growth in childhood, important for breathing, shock absorbers, protection, stability and growth.
31
describe what a synovial joint is
freely movable joint, hinge, balland socket, condyloid, saddle, plane, pivot.
32
describe what a saddle joint does
biaxial (sagittal and frontal). concave and convex.
33
describe what a pivot joint does
unixial (transverse). convex.
34
describe what a hinge joint is
unixial (sagittal) convex.
35
describe what a gliding joint is
36
describe what a condyloid joint is
37
describe what a ball and socket joint is
triaxial joint