Circulatory revision

Question 1

red blood cell function

Answer 1

carries o2 to working muscles, bioconcave shape, has haemoglobin.

Question 2

white blood cell function

Answer 2

carries lymphocytes which creates antibodies to bind to antigens. Also creates phagocytes which engulf and digest pathogens.

Question 3

plasma

Answer 3

liquid part of the blood, helps remove waste products, maintains normal homeostasis, carries all components.

Question 4

platelets

Answer 4

blood clots and thrombosis, helps to stop bleeding/

Question 5

describe veins

Answer 5

have valves to prevent backflow of blood, thin walls, carry blood under low pressure back to heart.

Question 6

venuoles

Answer 6

is a small vein.

Question 7

capiliries

Answer 7

gas exchange, large SA.

Question 8

arteries

Answer 8

carry blood under high pressure away from the heart, thick walls.

Question 9

arterioles

Answer 9

bridge arteries and capilires together.

Question 10

what are the 3 layers arteries and veins have

Answer 10

tunica externa (outer layer), tunica media (middle), tunica intima (inner).

Question 11

basic function of lymphatic system

Answer 11

drains excess fluids and returns it to the blood, filters blood with lymphocytes to prevent diseases, absorbs fat from digestive system, consists of lymph and lymph nodes.

Question 12

interstitial space and fluid

Answer 12

space and fluid between cells, escapes from capilries. As more fluid builds up the interstitial space pressure increases. Once this fluid drains into vessels we call it lymph.

Question 13

lymph

Answer 13

drains into vena cava. crucial for infection fighting as carries WBC

Question 14

lymph nodes

Answer 14

small bean shaped. neck, armpits and groin. filters lymph on its way to heart trapping harmful substances. also have lymphocytes. have own blood supply and valves.

Question 15

lymphatic vessels

Answer 15

thick tube which collects lymph from tissues and puts it into bloodstream.

Question 16

what are 5 functions of CV system and describe each one

Answer 16

delivery of O2 = systemic circuit (body & heart), pulmonary circuit (lungs), O2 with haemoglobin.

removing waste products = in muscle cells, o2 unbinds from haemoglobin into cells then binds with myoglobin. Co2 moves from muscle cells to haemoglobin in the blood. Some of C02 is dissolved into plasma and this forms carbonic acid. Lactic acid is removed by kidney and liver.

control of blood flow = vasoconstriction decreases blood flow, lumen gets smaller, TM contracts. Vasodilation increases blood flow, lumen gets bigger, TM relaxes.

fighting infections = lymphocytes, phagocytes.

blood clotting = …

Question 17

cardiac cycle and neural control