Skeletal Muscles and CNS Flashcards
What is released at the neuromuscular junction between a neuron and skeletal muscle?
a. Adrenaline
b. Acetylcholine
c. Cholinesterase
d. Norepinephrine
b. Acetylcholine
What is the typical progression of Guillain-Barré syndrome?
a. It can follow 2 to 4 weeks after a parasitic infection.
b. There is a mechanical disruption to upper motor neurons.
c. Fibrotic adhesions develop incrementally on peripheral nerves.
d. Muscle weakness and paralysis move from the peripheral limbs to the body.
d. Muscle weakness and paralysis move from the peripheral limbs to the body.
What is typical of diabetic neuropathy?
a. It is limited to sensory changes in the extremities.
b. It presents with both sensory changes and muscle weakness.
c. It is an upper motor neuron disease, eventually affecting the whole central nervous
system.
d. Microangiopathy damages local muscle fibers.
b. It presents with both sensory changes and muscle weakness.
What sign or symptom will Clostridium botulinum produce?
a. Tetany
b. Convulsions
c. Paralysis of muscles
d. Loss of sensation
c. Paralysis of muscles
What is a finding in a crush injury?
a. Rhabdomyolysis
b. Depressed serum creatine kinase (CK) levels
c. Myotonus
d. Myoglobinuria and renal failure
d. Myoglobinuria and renal failure
What laboratory finding is a good indicator of muscle disease, such as polymyositis?
a. Lactate dehydrogenase
b. Acid phosphatase
c. Alkaline phosphatase
d. Creatine kinase (CK)
d. Creatine kinase (CK)
What is the most serious complication of myasthenia gravis?
a. Underproduction of acetylcholine
b. Tetany and spasm of the larynx and trachea
c. Muscular degeneration by antibody–antigen complexes
d. Paralysis of the diaphragm
d. Paralysis of the diaphragm
Which of the following is a typical “upper neuron injury”?
a. Polymyositis
b. Guillain-Barré syndrome
c. A spinal cord injury caused by a traffic accident
d. Diabetic neuropathy
c. A spinal cord injury caused by a traffic accident
What is a feature of poliomyelitis?
a. It is a bacterial infection affecting peripheral nerves.
b. It is a viral infection that destroys anterior horn cells.
c. It is a bacterial infection that originates in upper motor neurons and spreads
distally.
d. It is a viral infection that affects the peripheral nerves of the feet and lower
extremities.
b. It is a viral infection that destroys anterior horn cells.
What is the myopathy associated with hyperthyroidism?
a. Skeletal muscle is depleted of energy stores.
b. Metabolism slows and muscle weakens as a result.
c. Acetylcholine receptors become exhausted and become less reactive to neural
stimulation.
d. Ptosis and facial tics developed from overstimulation of thyroid hormone.
a. Skeletal muscle is depleted of energy stores.
What feature do almost all patients with myasthenia gravis have?
a. Signs of muscle degeneration
b. Regrouping of type I and type II muscles
c. Muscle atrophy
d. Antibodies to acetylcholine receptors
d. Antibodies to acetylcholine receptors
What is true about cancer myopathy?
a. Treatment is based on chemotherapeutic agents.
b. It is the result of micrometastases on skeletal muscle.
c. Analgesics and muscle relaxants are typical pharmacologic interventions.
d. It produces tetany and prolonged muscle spasm.
c. Analgesics and muscle relaxants are typical pharmacologic interventions.
Which tumor might be present in those with myasthenia gravis?
a. A thyroid adenoma
b. A parathyroid adenoma
c. Neuroblastoma
d. A thymoma
d. A thymoma
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is inherited as what type of trait?
a. An autosomal dominant trait
b. An autosomal recessive trait
c. A sex-linked recessive trait
d. A sex-linked dominant trait
c. A sex-linked recessive trait
When do the symptoms of muscle weakness in Duchenne dystrophy begin?
a. In preschool children
b. In elementary school children
c. In high school children
d. In adulthood
a. In preschool children
