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Pathology > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Innate Immunity

A

Built in; pre-exposure not required; nonspecific; Sets off the inflammatory response; immediate

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2
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Exposure to antigen required; specific; slower

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3
Q

IgM

A

First antibody produced against new antigen
Agglutinates (precipitates) antigen
Can activate complement

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4
Q

IgG

A

Most abundant
Only one to cross placenta
Attaches to inflammatory cells via Fcportion (found on macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils)
Can serve as opsonin

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5
Q

IgA

A

Present in blood and mucosal secretions
Helps protect against mucosal invasion

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6
Q

IgE

A

Does not circulate in blood
Found primary in tissue bound to mast cells
Releases histamine

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7
Q

IgD

A

Function not well understood
Found on surface membranes of B lymphocytes (may work in hormonal function)

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8
Q

Contrast innate immunity

A

Quick, non-specific, “built in”

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9
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Slower, specific, in response to an antigen

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10
Q

Role of Human Leukocyte Antigens

A

Identify self

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11
Q

T cells

A

Origin: bone marrow, programming (recognition of self vs nonself): Thymus

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12
Q

CD4

A

Helper cells that aid B cells

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13
Q

CD8

A

Suppress Bcells and CD4 T cells or kill foreign or infected cells

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14
Q

B-cells

A

Origin and programming in bone marrow

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15
Q

plasma Cells

A

Antibody (Ab or immunoglobulin) factories

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16
Q

Memory B-cells

A

Remember previous exposure to antigen, promoting quicker antibody production

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17
Q

NK cells

A

Origin: bone marrow; innately attack and kill cancer, foreign, and infected cells

18
Q

Contrast cellular immunity

A

Ag -> activated T cells

19
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Ag -> activated B cells -> plasma cells -> Ab

20
Q

Describe structure of antibodies

A

Heavy chains (2) + light chains (2)
Fc (Constant region -> Ab subclass)
Fab (variable region -> specificity)

21
Q

IgM

A

Earliest made

22
Q

IgG

A

Made after IgM; longer lasting; crosses placenta

23
Q

IgA

A

In mucosal secretions

24
Q

IgE

A

On mast cells (-> histamine release seen with allergies)

25
Q

IgM present; IgG absent

A

Recent exposure (early)

26
Q

IgM present; IgG present

A

recent exposure (later) or booster

27
Q

IgM present; IgG present

A

More distant exposure

28
Q

Thymic aplasia

A

No thymus -> T cells dont develop -> no cellular immunity

29
Q

Infantile agammaglobulinemia

A

B-cells don’t develop - > no humoral immunity (little or no Abs)

30
Q

Alymphocytic agammaglobulinemia

A

stem cell defect - > too few T and B cells -> no immunity - > death

31
Q

AIDs

A

HIV - > T helper cell (CD4) destruction -> defective cellular and humoral immunity -> opportunistic infections

32
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions Type I (anaphylaxis, atopy)

A

IgE/mast cells; allergies (food, bee sting)

32
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions Type II (cytotoxic)

A

IgG, IgM: mismatched blood tranfusion

33
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions Type III (Immune complex disease)

A

Ag-Ab complexes; vasculitis (blood vessel imflammation)

34
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions Type IV (delayed hypersensitivity)

A

Granulomas; TB, TB skin testing

35
Q

Autoimmune

A

self-seen as foreign and attacked by immune system

36
Q

Mycosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

A

Particularly in GI tract and bronchial mucosa. Always looking for infections

37
Q

What cells are cellular immune response

A

T cells

38
Q

What cells are humoral immune response

A

B cells

39
Q

Transplant rejection: hyperacute

A

Preformed antibodies
Within minutes
Necrosis, acute inflammation

40
Q

Transplant rejection: acute

A

Humoral and cell mediated
Days or weeks following transplant

41
Q

Transplant reflection: Chronic

A

Humoral
Chronic vascular damage

Pathology (14 decks)

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