Kidney and Urinary Tract Test Banks Flashcards
Which part of the kidney is vulnerable to the effects of mercury poisoning?
a. The glomeruli
b. The proximal convoluted tubules
c. The distal convoluted tubules
d. The collecting ducts
b. The proximal convoluted tubules
Which of the following is the most prevalent systemic disease that affects the kidneys?
a. Systemic lupus erythematosus
b. Obesity
c. Heart disease
d. Diabetes mellitus
d. Diabetes mellitus
What infectious disorders are patients with diabetes prone to?
a. Bacterial urinary tract infections
b. Viral urinary tract infections
c. Fungal urinary tract infections
d. Antigen–antibody complex deposits
a. Bacterial urinary tract infections
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
a. Membranous nephropathy
b. Lipoid nephrosis
c. Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
d. Crescentic glomerulonephritis
b. Lipoid nephrosis
Which of the following is a renal complication of diabetes?
a. Decreased glomerular permeability
b. Hyperproteinemia
c. Papillary hypertrophy
d. Papillary necrosis
d. Papillary necrosis
What are urinary calculi most commonly composed of?
a. Calcium phosphate
b. Magnesium ammonium sulfate
c. Uric acid
d. Cystine
a. Calcium phosphate
What is the cause of acute “honeymoon” cystitis?
a. Viruses
b. Bacteria
c. Parasites
d. Fungi
b. Bacteria
What is the condition involving renal ischemia causing glomerulosclerosis and loss of
glomeruli?
a. Senile hypotension
b. Malignant hypertension
c. Nephroangiosclerosis
d. Acute tubular necrosis
c. Nephroangiosclerosis
What is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary tract?
a. Wilms’ tumor
b. Carcinoma of the renal pelvis
c. Carcinoma of the ureter
d. Carcinoma of the urinary bladder
d. Carcinoma of the urinary bladder
What is carcinoma of the urinary bladder most often classified as?
a. Squamous cell carcinoma
b. Adenocarcinoma
c. Oat cell carcinoma
d. Urothelial carcinoma
d. Urothelial carcinoma
A solid renal tumor in a 4-year-old child is histologically composed of immature cells similar
to those in a fetal kidney. What is this tumor?
a. Renal cell adenoma
b. Renal cell carcinoma
c. Wilms’ tumor
d. Interstitial cell fibroma
c. Wilms’ tumor
Why is hypertension a risk factor for renal failure?
a. Ischemia of the renal parenchyma and loss of renal function occur.
b. Renal arteries become atrophied, causing local microhemorrhage.
c. Renin output declines, causing a disruption in renal perfusion.
d. Onion ring-like lesions develop in the tubules.
a. Ischemia of the renal parenchyma and loss of renal function occur.
Which of the following is considered the “functional unit” of the kidney?
a. The loop of Henle
b. The proximal convoluted tubule
c. The collection duct
d. The nephron
d. The nephron
Which hormone secreted by the kidneys will raise blood pressure?
a. Erythropoietin
b. Renin
c. Antidiuretic hormone
d. Aldosterone
b. Renin
A patient presents with acute and painful urinary colic. What is this a result of?
a. Dysuria
b. Hematuria
c. A staghorn calculi
d. Renal calculi obstructing the ureter
d. Renal calculi obstructing the ureter
What condition is also known as “poisoning with urine”?
a. Uremia
b. Renal cell carcinoma
c. Urolithiasis
d. Polyuria
a. Uremia
How are biopsy specimens obtained to confirm bladder cancer?
a. Urine specimen
b. Blood urea nitrogen
c. KUB x-ray examination
d. Cystoscopy
d. Cystoscopy
What condition is associated with gradual bilateral enlargement of the kidneys and eventual
renal failure?
a. Horseshoe kidney
b. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
c. Diabetes mellitus
d. Bilateral renal agenesis
b. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
A patient has just experienced a myocardial infarction, and his kidneys are no longer
producing normal amounts of urine. What would this condition be known as?
a. Prerenal renal failure
b. Postrenal failure
c. Intrarenal failure
d. Hypertension
a. Prerenal renal failure
What is the treatment for renal failure due to acute tubular necrosis?
a. Nephrectomy
b. Dialysis
c. Blood transfusions
d. Corticosteroid treatments
b. Dialysis
