Kidney and Urinary Tract Test Banks

Question 1

Which part of the kidney is vulnerable to the effects of mercury poisoning?
a. The glomeruli
b. The proximal convoluted tubules
c. The distal convoluted tubules
d. The collecting ducts

Answer 1

b. The proximal convoluted tubules

Question 2

Which of the following is the most prevalent systemic disease that affects the kidneys?
a. Systemic lupus erythematosus
b. Obesity
c. Heart disease
d. Diabetes mellitus

Answer 2

d. Diabetes mellitus

Question 3

What infectious disorders are patients with diabetes prone to?
a. Bacterial urinary tract infections
b. Viral urinary tract infections
c. Fungal urinary tract infections
d. Antigen–antibody complex deposits

Answer 3

a. Bacterial urinary tract infections

Question 4

What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
a. Membranous nephropathy
b. Lipoid nephrosis
c. Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
d. Crescentic glomerulonephritis

Answer 4

b. Lipoid nephrosis

Question 5

Which of the following is a renal complication of diabetes?
a. Decreased glomerular permeability
b. Hyperproteinemia
c. Papillary hypertrophy
d. Papillary necrosis

Answer 5

d. Papillary necrosis

Question 6

What are urinary calculi most commonly composed of?
a. Calcium phosphate
b. Magnesium ammonium sulfate
c. Uric acid
d. Cystine

Answer 6

a. Calcium phosphate

Question 7

What is the cause of acute “honeymoon” cystitis?
a. Viruses
b. Bacteria
c. Parasites
d. Fungi

Answer 7

b. Bacteria

Question 8

What is the condition involving renal ischemia causing glomerulosclerosis and loss of
glomeruli?
a. Senile hypotension
b. Malignant hypertension
c. Nephroangiosclerosis
d. Acute tubular necrosis

Answer 8

c. Nephroangiosclerosis

Question 9

What is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary tract?
a. Wilms’ tumor
b. Carcinoma of the renal pelvis
c. Carcinoma of the ureter
d. Carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Answer 9

d. Carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Question 10

What is carcinoma of the urinary bladder most often classified as?
a. Squamous cell carcinoma
b. Adenocarcinoma
c. Oat cell carcinoma
d. Urothelial carcinoma

Answer 10

d. Urothelial carcinoma

Question 11

A solid renal tumor in a 4-year-old child is histologically composed of immature cells similar
to those in a fetal kidney. What is this tumor?
a. Renal cell adenoma
b. Renal cell carcinoma
c. Wilms’ tumor
d. Interstitial cell fibroma

Answer 11

c. Wilms’ tumor

Question 12

Why is hypertension a risk factor for renal failure?
a. Ischemia of the renal parenchyma and loss of renal function occur.
b. Renal arteries become atrophied, causing local microhemorrhage.
c. Renin output declines, causing a disruption in renal perfusion.
d. Onion ring-like lesions develop in the tubules.

Answer 12

a. Ischemia of the renal parenchyma and loss of renal function occur.

Question 13

Which of the following is considered the “functional unit” of the kidney?
a. The loop of Henle
b. The proximal convoluted tubule
c. The collection duct
d. The nephron

Answer 13

d. The nephron

Question 14

Which hormone secreted by the kidneys will raise blood pressure?
a. Erythropoietin
b. Renin
c. Antidiuretic hormone
d. Aldosterone

Answer 14

b. Renin

Question 15

A patient presents with acute and painful urinary colic. What is this a result of?
a. Dysuria
b. Hematuria
c. A staghorn calculi
d. Renal calculi obstructing the ureter

Answer 15

d. Renal calculi obstructing the ureter

Question 16

What condition is also known as “poisoning with urine”?
a. Uremia
b. Renal cell carcinoma
c. Urolithiasis
d. Polyuria

Answer 16

a. Uremia

Question 17

How are biopsy specimens obtained to confirm bladder cancer?
a. Urine specimen
b. Blood urea nitrogen
c. KUB x-ray examination
d. Cystoscopy

Answer 17

d. Cystoscopy

Question 18

What condition is associated with gradual bilateral enlargement of the kidneys and eventual
renal failure?
a. Horseshoe kidney
b. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
c. Diabetes mellitus
d. Bilateral renal agenesis

Answer 18

b. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Question 19

A patient has just experienced a myocardial infarction, and his kidneys are no longer
producing normal amounts of urine. What would this condition be known as?
a. Prerenal renal failure
b. Postrenal failure
c. Intrarenal failure
d. Hypertension

Answer 19

a. Prerenal renal failure

Question 20

What is the treatment for renal failure due to acute tubular necrosis?
a. Nephrectomy
b. Dialysis
c. Blood transfusions
d. Corticosteroid treatments

Answer 20

b. Dialysis