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A and p > skeletal Muscle/Muscles > Flashcards

skeletal Muscle/Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles contract when

A

electricity is present

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2
Q

Muscles relax when

A

Electricity is absent

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3
Q

Muscle cells are called

A

Muscle fibers

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4
Q

The simple structure of a muscle

A

Muscle> Fascicle> Muscle fiber

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5
Q

Proteins (myofilaments) that help muscles contract

A

Actin (thin) and Myosin (thick)

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle (location)

A

Attached to your bones (ex. face)

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7
Q

Function of skeletal muscle

A

Movement, maintaining posture, produces heat when it contracts

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8
Q

Cardiac muscle description

A

Found in the heart, has striations, highly interconnected throughout the body,

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9
Q

Cardiac muscle functions

A

mostly involuntary, and pumps blood through arteries and veins

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10
Q

Smooth muscle description

A

Found in organs like: stomach, intestines, blood
vessels, bladder, eye, reproductive organs.
Has no striations

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11
Q

Smooth muscle functions

A

Contracts slowly (peristalsis)
push and digest food.
Contractions to prepare for childbirth

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12
Q

Tendon

A

Connects skeletal tissue to bone

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13
Q

muscle

A

Made up of fascicles

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14
Q

Epimysium

A

CT sheath that surrounds the entire
muscle

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15
Q

Perimysium

A

CT sheath that surrounds each fascicle

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15
Q

Fascicle

A

A bundle of muscle fibers

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16
Q

Muscle Fiber

A

A muscle cell, made of myofibrils

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17
Q

Endomysium

A

CT sheath that surrounds each muscle fiber

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18
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane around each muscle fiber

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19
Q

Myofibril

A

Long proteins that make up each muscle fiber

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20
Q

Sarcomere

A

Line up to form myofibrils
Where contraction happens

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21
Q

Myofilaments

A

Make up sarcomeres
Actin & myosin

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22
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Regulates level of calcium in a muscle fiber

23
Q

T-tubules

A

part of the sarcolemma that protrudes deep into the muscle fiber interior

24
Q

T-tubules function

A

Allows for electrical impulses to reach the deepest parts of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

Receptors

A

binding sites on the muscle fiber
that receive neurotransmitters

26
Q

Motor neurons

A

neurons that deliver
impulses (messages) from the brain to the
muscles; stimulates the skeletal muscle
fibers to contract

27
Q

Actions potential

A

an electrical impulse that
travels through a motor neuron

28
Q

Neuromuscular junction:

A

where a motor
neuron and a muscle fiber come together

29
Q

Axon terminal

A

the end of the axon of a
neuron (sends an impulse out)

30
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

the space between the axon
terminal of a motor neuron and a muscle
fiber

31
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

a chemical message released by neurons

32
Q

ACH

A

acetylcholine; the neurotransmitter
that motor neurons use to “tell” skeletal
muscle to contract!

33
Q

Name all the nine steps of neuromusclar juntionv(9)

A

1: The brain decides to contract a skeletal muscle

2: Motor neurons carry the action potential
down the spinal cord to the skeletal muscle

3: The action potential arrives at the
neuromuscular junction

4: The action potential causes the axon terminal to release ACh

5: ACh binds to receptors on the sarcolemma

6: The binding causes the action potential to
travel down the sarcolemma

7: The action potential travels down the T
tubules

8: The sarcoplasmic reticulum is stimulated by
the action potential and releases Ca2+

9: Ca2+ triggers the muscle fiber to contract!

34
Q

name the muscle anatomy

A
35
Q

Myosin

A

Thick myofilament
Has “heads” to bind
to actin
Powered by ATP

36
Q

Actin

A

Thin myofilament
Made of 2 actin myofilaments twisted together “Two strands of
pearls”
Has myosin binding-sites

37
Q

Z line

A

Boundary between sarcomeres

38
Q

M lines

A

“Middle line”
Holds together the myosin myofilaments

39
Q

I bands

A

Light bands
Contains only thin (actin) filaments

40
Q

H zone

A

Contains only thick filaments

41
Q

A band

A

Dark band
Contains the entire length of a thick
(myosin) filament

42
Q

Label the structure of a sacromere

A
43
Q

Tropomyosin

A

Stiffens and stabilizes actin (actin is like a wet noodle)
Blocks myosin-binding sites when a muscle is relaxed

44
Q

Troponin structure

A

Made of 3 subunits
* 1 subunit binds it to actin
* 1 subunit binds it to tropomyosin
* 1 subunit binds to calcium ions

45
Q

Troponin

A

When a calcium ion binds to troponin, it pulls
tropomyosin off of the myosin-binding sites of actin

46
Q

when is a cross bridge formed?

A

when a
myosin head binds to a myosin-binding site on actin

47
Q

How is cross bridging possible?

A

because an action potential
triggers the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release
calcium ions.

48
Q

what happens when a sarcomere is relaxed? (what is blocking what)

A

tropomyosin is blocking the myosin-binding sites
on actin.

49
Q

Describe all steps of cross bridging (using the matching game given) Also name them outloud

A
50
Q

Characteristics of muscle tissue (4)

A

Excitability
Contrarily
extensibility
Elasticity

51
Q

describe Excitability

A

*Muscle’s ability to respond to stimuli (example, when your motor neurons deliver an impulse to your biceps brahii, it contracts)

52
Q

describe Contractility

A

Muscles ability to shorten (example, when you flex ur elbow join your biceps brachii get shorter)

53
Q

describe Extensibility

A

*Muscle’s ability to be stretched without
tearing (example, whne a gymnast does a split)

54
Q

Elasticity

A

*Muscle’s ability to return to its original
shape
(after u stretch your muscles they don’t stay in that state)

55
Q

Idenify major muscles (Use game)

A

poke-a-muscle

A and p (9 decks)

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