Nervous system Flashcards
simple functions of the nervous system (3)
Ultimate control center:
sensory input
Integration
motor output
sensory input
receives stimuli via millions of sensory receptors throughout the body
Integration
processes the
input stimuli and decides
what should be done
Motor Output:
activates
effector organs to cause a
response
What is the nervous system mainly composed of
nervous tissue
Nervous tissue is densely packed with
Neurons and neuroglia
Neurons
excitable cells that respond to
stimuli by conducting
impulses to transmit signals
Neuroglia
supportive cells that provide
nutrition, insulation, and help with signal
transmission
Neuron structure anatomy
Soma (cell body)
dendrites
axon
axon terminal
nucleus
myelin sheath
three classifications of neurons by structure (based on number of processes)
Multipolar: meaning 3 or more processes
Bipolar: 2 processes
unipolar: 1 process
three classifications of neurons by function(3)
motor neurons
interneurons
sensory neurons
(afferent)
Do organization table
(pns)
sensory motor
somatic autonomic
Sympathetic
parasympathetic
ventricles
hollow fluid-filled cavities within brain that contain choroid plexus which makes cerebrospinal fluid
label brain
do it
sensory (afferent) division
Receives sensory stimuli
to send back to
CNS/brain
Motor (Efferent) division
Sends out information
from the brain to
effector organs like
muscles
somatic
Controls voluntary
movements
autonomic
Controls involuntary
movements of the heart,
lungs, stomach,
parasympathetic
Calms you down; “rest and digest” division;
maintains your body and conserves energy for later
sympathetic
Excites you/amps
you up: “fight or flight” division. Set up so that 1 stress signal 🡪 responses in multiple
effector organs at once
Focuses on what your body needs to do RIGHT NOW
Mechanoreceptors:
mechanical force, like vibration,
pressure, stretch, and touch
Thermoreceptors:
change in temperature
Photoreceptors:
light
Chemoreceptors:
chemicals
Nociceptors:
pain
5 components to a reflex arc:
- Receptor: site of stimulus
- Sensory neuron: transmits impulse from PNS to
CNS - Integration center: “decodes” the signal at a
synapse (or multiple synapses) - Motor neuron: conducts impulses to an effector
organ - Effector: responds by contracting (if a muscle cell)
or secreting (if a gland)
Nerve:
a bundle of axons in the PNS
CNS Location and function
brain and spinal cord
integration and control center
PNS
Spinal and cranial nerves
Communication system between the CNS and the
rest of the body
brain stem function
Relays info between rest of
the brain and the spinal cord
Coordinates a lot of
automatic functions like
respiration, circulation, body
temperature, sleep,
digestion, and swallowing
cerebellum
Maintains posture and
balance
Coordinates timing and
patterns for smooth and
agile subconscious
movements
Frontal lobe function
voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions.
parietal lobe function
receiving and processing sensory input such as touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain
Temporal lobe
managing your emotions, processing information from your senses, storing and retrieving memories, and understanding language.
occipital lobe function
interpreting the visual world around the body, such as the shape, color, and location of an object
Astrocytes location and role
cns, regulate blood flow, supply building blocks for neurotransmitters nueral metabolism.
ependymal cell location and role
Cns, protects spinal cord, keeps homeostasis of cerespinal fluid
microglial cell location and role
CNS, regulate brain development, maintance of reward networks and injury repair
oligodendrocytes cell location and role
CNS, allow for the fast transfer of neural communication
satellite cell location and role
PNS, supply nutrients to surrounding neurons
Schwan cell location and role
PNS, they maintain the PNS and regeneration of axons of the neurons in that system
