sense Flashcards
Sensing:
sensory cells translating stimuli (chemical, electromagnetic, mechanical) into Ap’s that our nervous system can integrate
Touch
a general (somatic) sense, it relates to our ability to detect pressure, pain and temp. it uses it through a variety of general sensory receptors.
Special senses: (5)
vision, smell, taste, hearing,
and equilibrium
Photoreceptors:
in our eyes, it converts light energy into AP that travels the brain
Light:
electromagnetic waves
The eye is surrounded by:
Protective fat and bony orbits in the skull
Eyebrows:
Keep sweat and sunlight out of eyes
Eyelids and eyelashes:
Trigger reflective blinking to keep eyes moist
Lacrimal apparatus:
Consists of lacrimal gland that produces and secretes tears and the ducts that the drain secretions.
Name the 6 Extrinsic eye muscles
Superior rectus
Lateral rectus
inferior rectus
medial recuts
superior oblique
Inferior oblique
Fibrous layer
outermost layer, contains the sclera and cornea
cornea:
window that lets light into eye
Vascular layer:
includes, choroid, ciliary body and the iris
choroid:
supplies all the layers with blood
ciliary body:
ring of muscle tissue around lens
Iris (colored part of eye):
ring of smooth muscle between the cornea and lens that contracts and expands to change the size of the pupil. Allows light into the eye and so the iris controls the amount that comes in.
Inner layer:
retina
Outer pigmented layer
inner neural layer
photoreceptors convert light apt’s travel through the:
Optic nerve to the thalamus, and then the visual cortex in the brain.
2 types of photoreceptors
rods and cones
rods:
Photoreceptors that only register black and white
Cones:
photoreceptors that detect fine detail and color
Lens:
convex transparent disc that focuses the light that is allowed in and projects it onto the retina in the inner layer
Vitreous humor:
clear gel that fills the posterior segment of the eye behind the lens
Aqueous humor
clear fluid that fills the anterior segment in front of the lens
scientific words for smell and taste
(olfaction), (gustation)
what do chemoreceptors do
detect molecules in the
air (dissolved in fluids from our nasal membranes) and our food (dissolved in saliva).
Odor:
gaseous molecules we smell
olfactory epithelium (nose)
When molecules hit it, the roof of the nasal cavity, it has olfactory sensory neurons
taste buds:
Sensory organ of taste, inside of papillae
papillae
(the bumps on your
tongue)
Gustatory epithelial cells
taste receptor cells
Basal epithelial cells
stem cells that make new gustatory epithelial cells
ear:
sensory organ for hearing and balance (equilibrium)
what are our ears designed to receive
mechanical waves and convert them to nerve signals that our brains can interpret
sounds create
vibrations in the air that hit our eardrums and cause tiny
bones
3 parts of the ear
(1) outer/external
(2) middle ear for hearing,
(3) inner ear for hearing and maintaining equilibrium
External (outer) ear function:
Catch sound waves and pass them deeper into the ear
through the auditory canal
pinna (ear):
in outer ear, part we see made of cartilage
External acoustic meatus
auditory canal
middle ear definition and function:
tympanic cavity = relay station between outer and inner ear
3 tiiny bones in middle ear:
malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup)
middle ear function:
amplify sound waves to make stronger for when they get
Eustachian tube
passage from the middle ear to the pharynx that aids in equalizing pressure around the eardrum
Inner ear function:
turn physical vibrations
into electrical impulses (APs) to travel to brain
3 parts of the inner ear bony labyrinth:
vestibule
Semicircular canals
Cochlea
vestibule:
key structure for maintaining balance (in bony laberinth)
Semicircular canals (ear)
aid in maintaining balance
when head rotates
Cochlea: (ear)
contains hair cells that vibrate at different frequencies
