Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cytology & Myology > Skeletal Muscle Cells > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Cell membrane of a muscle fiber cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Myofibrils

A

Long organelles that nearly fill the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sarcomeres

A

Chains of tiny contractile units that make up Myofibrils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Myofilaments

A

Produce the light (I) and dark (A) bending pattern.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thick/Myosin Filaments

A

Split ATP to generate muscle contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Myosin Heads

A

Part of thick filaments, they link the thick and thin filaments together during contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thin/Actin filaments

A

Composed of the contractile protein actin and are anchored to the Z line.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Stores calcium and releases it when the muscle fibre is stimulated to contract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Muscle Cell Irritability

A

The ability to receive and respond to stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Muscle Cell Contractility

A

The ability to shorten when adequate stimulus is received.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or false:

Skeletal muscle cells must be stimulated by nerve impulses to contract

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Motor unit

A

One neutron and all the skeletal muscle cells that it stimulates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nerve fibre/Axon

A

Long extension of a Neuron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Axonal terminals

A

Firms connections with the Sarcolemma of a different muscle cell. (Neuromuscular Junctions.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

The gap between the nerve endings and muscle cell membranes. Filled with interstitial fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acetylcholine

A

The neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle cells.

17
Q

Action potential

A

Acetylcholine is released, the Sarcolemma allows entry of sodium ions. This gives the cell a sudden rush of positive ions causing a change to the electrical conditions - resulting in muscle contraction.

18
Q

The sliding filament theory

What causes filaments to slide?

A

Energized by ATP, Cross bridges attach to myosin binding sites on the thin filaments and sliding begins.

19
Q

True or false:

A skeletal cell is multinucleated

A

True

20
Q

What are 2 ways graded muscle contractions are produced?

A
  1. By changing the speed of muscle stimulation.

2. By changing the amount of muscle cells being stimulated.

21
Q

Tetanic contraction

A

Muscle contractions are completely smooth and sustained.

22
Q

What are the 3 pathways for ATP regeneration?

A
  1. Creatine phosphate
  2. Aerobic respiration
  3. Anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid formation
23
Q

Creatine phosphate

A

High energy molecule found in muscle fibres, regenerates ATP.

24
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

ATP is regenerated by metabolic pathways that use oxygen. Produces CO2 and H2O.

25
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid formation

A

Anaerobic = Without oxygen.
Glycolysis glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid, small amounts of energy are captured in ATP bonds.
When muscle activity is too intense or there is not enough oxygen/glucose, pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid.

26
Q

How many days does it take for a horse to recover from muscle fatigue?

A

3

27
Q

Muscle fatigue

A

A muscle us unable to contract even though it is still being stimulated.

28
Q

What are the types of muscle contractions?

A

Isotonic

Isometric

29
Q

Isotonic

A

The muscle shortens and movement occurs. Ex. Bending the knee and smiling.

30
Q

Isometric

A

No movement, muscle does not shorten.

31
Q

Every skeletal muscle is attached to at least 2 points, what are they?

A

Origin

Insertion

32
Q

Origin

A

Attached to the immovable bone (like the anchor).

33
Q

Insertion

A

Attached to the moveable bone, when muscle contracts the insertion moves toward the origin.

34
Q

Prime mover muscle

A

The muscle that has the most responsibility when several muscles are contracting.

35
Q

Antagonist muscle

A

Muscles that oppose or reverse movement.

36
Q

Synergist muscle

A

Help prime movers by producing same movement or reducing unnecessary movement.

37
Q

Fixator muscles

A

Hold bone still or stabilize the origin of a prime mover.

Cytology & Myology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions