Cells

Question 1

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 1

A saltwater solution in which all cells are constantly bathed.

Question 2

What are the 2 types of cells?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic - no nucleus, DNA is free within the cell.

Eukaryotic - has a nucleus, is larger that prokaryotic cells and is more structurally complex.

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Contains most of the cells genetic material.

Question 4

Nucleoli

Answer 4

Sites where ribosomes are assembled.

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

A loose network of threads coil to form chromosomes.

Question 6

What are chromatins 4 primary functions?

Answer 6

1. Package DNA into a smaller volume
2. Strengthen DNA for mitosis
3. Prevent DNA damage
4. Control gene expression and DNA replication

Question 7

Plasma membrane

Answer 7

Contains cell contents and separates them from surrounding environment.

Question 8

Glycoproteins

Answer 8

Determine blood type and act as receptors for antigens to bind to.

Question 9

What are the 3 membrane junctions?

Answer 9

Tight - fuse together tightly, like a zipper. They are impermeable.

Anchoring (Desmosomes) - prevent cells from being pulled apart, they are button like.

Gap - allow communication, molecules can pass directly from one cell to another.

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

The factory area of the cell.

Question 11

What’s are 3 elements of cytoplasm?

Answer 11

1. Cytosol - semitransparent fluid.
2. Organelles - metabolic machinery of a cell.
3. Inclusions - chemical substances which may, or may not be present.

Question 12

Ribosomes

Answer 12

The actual sites of protein synthesis.

Question 13

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 13

Plays no role in protein synthesis, helps detox.

Question 14

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 14

Studded with ribosomes, the cells membrane factory.

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

Transcribes ribosomal RNA and combines with proteins to form incomplete ribosomes.

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

Packages proteins inside the cell before they’re sent to their destination.

Question 17

Lysosomes

Answer 17

Breakdown bodies containing powerful digestive enzymes, abundant in WBC.

Question 18

Peroxisomes

Answer 18

Convert free radicals to hydrogen peroxide, then converts extra hydrogen peroxide into water.

Question 19

Mitochondria

Answer 19

Powerhouse of a cell! Provides energy for all cellular work (ATP).

Question 20

Cytoskeleton

Answer 20

Important in cell separation, determines the cells shape.

Question 21

Centrioles

Answer 21

Lay close to the nucleus, are rod shaped and are right angles to each other.

Question 22

What are the 4 primary elements that make up a cell?

Answer 22

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

Question 23

Protein synthesis

Answer 23

Transcription- DNA is transcribed into RNA

Translation - mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes produce protein.