Skeletal Muscle

Question 1

Organization of skeletal muscle

Answer 1

Whole muscle (organ)
Fascicles (bundles of muscle cells)
Muscle fibers (individual cells)
Myofibrils (intracellular structure)
Myofilaments (myosin and actin)

Question 2

Sarcolemma

Answer 2

Cell membrane

Question 3

Sarcoplasm

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

Sarcosomes

Answer 4

Mitochondria

Question 5

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Radially oriented, tubular invaginations of the cell membrane

Answer 6

Transverse tubules -aka T tubules

Question 7

Z line to Z line makes

Answer 7

Sarcomere

Question 8

Titan and nebulin are

Answer 8

Giant accessory proteins

Question 9

Difference between Titin and nebulin

Answer 9

Titan spans one Z disk to M line. Nebulin attaches to Z but does not extend M

Question 10

I band is made of

Answer 10

Thin filament only

Question 11

Made of regions where both thick and thin filaments overlap

Answer 11

A band

Question 12

Clear band in the middle of A band

Answer 12

H zone

Question 13

Represents the proteins to which thick filaments attach

Answer 13

M line

Question 14

Accessory proteins that link the thin filaments together

Answer 14

Z disc

Question 15

Provides elasticity and stabilizes myosin

Answer 15

Titin

Question 16

Thick filaments are

Answer 16

Myosin

Question 17

Thin filaments are

Answer 17

Actin

Question 18

Force created by contracting muscle

Answer 18

Muscle tension

Question 19

Weight that opposed contraction.

Answer 19

Load

Question 20

Creation of tension in muscle (requires ATP)

Answer 20

Contraction

Question 21

Release of tension

Answer 21

Relaxation.

Question 22

Sliding filament theory

Answer 22

The actin and myosin connecting and contracting

Question 23

Can the muscular function or muscles play a part in timing of death? T/F

Answer 23

True

Question 24

A reversible condition in which an exercising muscle is no longer able to generate or sustain the expected power output

Answer 24

Fatigue

Question 25

Fatigue is influenced by

Answer 25

- intensity and duration - using aerobic or anaerobic metabolism - muscle composition ( fast vs slow) twitch - individual fitness level

Question 26

Fatigue causes classified into

Answer 26

Central and peripheral

Question 27

Slow twitch

Answer 27

Smaller diameter, darker color due to myoglobin, and fatigue-resistant

Question 28

Fast twitch

Answer 28

Larger diameter, pale color, easily fatigue, glycolytic

Question 29

Central fatigue mechanisms

Answer 29

Psychological effects Protective reflexes

Question 30

What type of fatigue is feeling tired

Answer 30

Central fatigue

Question 31

Where does action potential begin

Answer 31

Neuromuscular junction

Question 32

Z line to Z line =

Answer 32

sarcomere

Question 33

when a muscle fiber is relaxed the cross bridge binding site on the actin is covered by what

Answer 33

tropomyosin

Question 34

A bands are dark or light

Answer 34

dark

Question 35

I bands are dark or light

Answer 35

light

Question 36

how can you increase the force generated by a single muscle fiber

Answer 36

by increasing the frequency at which action potential stimulates the muscle fiber

Question 37

does a single twitch represent the maximum tension that a muscle fiber can have

Answer 37

no

Question 38

stimuli closer together do not allow the muscle to relax is

Answer 38

summation

Question 39

tetanus

Answer 39

action potential stimulation of the muscle fiber occurs at a high frequency so that relaxation diminishes and it reaches its maximal contraction

Question 40

incomplete (unfused) tetanus

Answer 40

muscle fiber does not reach maximum value and the fiber relaxes slightly between stimuli

Question 41

complete tetanus

Answer 41

maximum tension is achieved and it stays there, muscle does not relax

Question 42

basic unit of contraction in a skeletal muscle

Answer 42

motor unit

Question 43

one somatic motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

Answer 43

motor unit

Question 44

muscles used for fine motor actions may only contain ___ muscle fibers

Answer 44

3-5

Question 45

muscles used for gross motor actions may contain ___ muscle fibers

Answer 45

hundreds to thousands

Question 46

DHP and RYR are in relation to

Answer 46

excitation- contraction coupling

Question 47

botulinum neurotoxin prevents the release of ___ into the junction

Answer 47

ACh

Question 48

effective in the treatment of conditions characterized by muscle hyperactivity

Answer 48

botox

Question 49

myasthenia graves reduces the efficiency of

Answer 49

neuromuscular transmission

Question 50

a standard acetylocholinestrase inhibitor drug used to treat myasthenia graves

Answer 50

neostigmine