Autonomic Nervous sytem

Question 1

efferent division of the peripheral nervous system is subdivided into

Answer 1

somatic and autonomic

Question 2

autonomic nervous system is divided into

Answer 2

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 3

rest and digest is what nervous system

Answer 3

parasympathetic

Question 4

fight and flight is what nervous system

Answer 4

sympathetic

Question 5

functions of the parasympathetic division

Answer 5

conserve and restore energy reserves during the time of rest

Question 6

SLUDD responses

Answer 6

salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, and defecation

Question 7

3 decreases and 1 increase of parasympathetic reactions

Answer 7

decreased HR
decreased diameter of airways
decreased diameter of pull
dilation of erectile tissue

Question 8

ganglion

Answer 8

cluster of nerve cell bodies that lie outside the CNS. equivalent in CNS is nucleus

Question 9

where do sympathetic pathways originate

Answer 9

lumbar regions and spinal cord

Question 10

where is the sympathetic ganglia found

Answer 10

in two chains that run along both sides of vertebral column

Question 11

have short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers

Answer 11

sympathetic pathways

Question 12

activation of what type of cholinergic receptor will result in faster cell response to acetylcholine

Answer 12

nicotinic cholinergic receptor

Question 13

parasympathetic pathways originate where

Answer 13

mainly brain stem, can in sacral region of spinal cord and control pelvic organs

Question 14

where are parasympathetic ganglia located

Answer 14

either on or near their target organs

Question 15

what receptor is the only one with more epinephrine

Answer 15

B2

Question 16

direct activation of which receptor will result in the opening on an ion channel

Answer 16

nicotinic cholinergic receptor

Question 17

which ligand can activate both iontropic and metabotropic receptors

Answer 17

acetylcholine

Question 18

muscarinic cholinergic receptors are

Answer 18

G-protein-coupled receptors

Question 19

nicotinic cholinergic receptor are

Answer 19

Ach- gated channels

Question 20

in somatic neuron the pathways between CNS and effector cell is ___ and it releases what

Answer 20

monosynaptic, ACh to bind to nicotinic receptors

Question 21

where does the adrenal medulla develop from

Answer 21

same embryonic tissue as sympathetic neurons

Question 22

a modified postganglionic sympathetic neuron that receives a synaptic contact form preganglionic sympathetic neuron and releases ACh

Answer 22

Chromaffin cell

Question 23

physiological responses that occur as a direct result of muscarinic cholinergic receptor stimulation

Answer 23

bronchoconstriction, secretion of gastric acid, decreased heart rate, constriction of the pupil

Question 24

what nervous system controls pupillary constriction due to bright light

Answer 24

parasympathetic

Question 25

what nervous system controls pupillary dilation due to dim light

Answer 25

sympathetic nervous system

Question 26

when the ciliary muscle is relaxed the lens is ___ for ___ vision

Answer 26

flat, far

Question 27

when the ciliary muscle contracts the lens is more _____ for ____ vision

Answer 27

convex, near

Question 28

which drug can be used to dilate the pupil

Answer 28

muscarinic cholinergic antagonist

Question 29

parasympathetic does what for the eye

Answer 29

constricts pupil, contracted ciliary muscles

Question 30

sympathetic does what for the eye

Answer 30

dilates the pupil and relaxes the ciliary muscle

Question 31

varicosities are

Answer 31

sites of synaptic contact between autonomic postganglionic neuron and its target cells

Question 32

what does varicosities arrangement do

Answer 32

increases the number of targets that a single axon branch can influence

Question 33

what do chromatin cells release

Answer 33

epinephrine and some release norepinephrine

Question 34

what do most postganglionic sympathetic neurons release and what does it act on

Answer 34

norepinephrine and acts on target cells through adrenergic receptors

Question 35

what has its cell body in a ganglion

Answer 35

postganglionic neuron

Question 36

a patient experiences mydriasis and constipation upon administration of an experimental drug as part of a clinical trial. based on the information that you have the drug blocks which of the following receptors

Answer 36

muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Question 37

the somatic nervous system controls what

Answer 37

skeletal muscle

Question 38

the autonomic nervous system controls what

Answer 38

smooth muscle, various glands, and cardiac muscle

Question 39

a dynamical balanced between the autonomic branches

Answer 39

homeostasis

Question 40

adrenergic receptors are in what system

Answer 40

sympathetic

Question 41

parasympathetic preganglionic are short or long

Answer 41

long

Question 42

Nm

Answer 42

muscle type found in skeletal muscle

Question 43

Nn

Answer 43

neural type found in CNS and PNS ( ANS)

Question 44

a special adaptation of the sympathetic divison

Answer 44

adrenal medulla

Question 45

post ganglionic cells release ___ and ____ into the blood stream

Answer 45

norepinephrine and epinephrine