Body Fluids Flashcards
Interstitial fluid and blood plasm are highly similar with the exception of ____
Protein content
What is one reason for the blood plasm containing proteins?
Osmotic pressure helps pull water into the blood vessels
Why does low serum albumin (protein) levels tend to cause edema
Water can leak out of the blood vessels more easily
Extracellular fluid (interstitial) are either ____ or ___ of blood plasma
Filtrates, derivatives
How are ECF’s distinct from ICF’s?
ECF has high Na+ and Cl- and ICF had high K+ and PO4
Water is taken in at the GI tract which quickly equilibrates with:
Blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular solutions
How do we lose water
From the kidney, lungs, skin (perspiration), and GI tract
What does starlings hypothesis not explain
Rapid H2O and small molecule exchange
In starlings hypothesis, what pressure is greater on the arteriolar end
Hydrostatic pressure
In starlings hypothesis, what pressure is greater at the venous end of the capillary
Osmotic pressure
Starlings hypothesis
There should be leakage of a filtrate of plasma into the ECF at the arteriolar end and transport ion of water at the venous end
H2O absorbs in the GI-
GI tract->blood -> interstitial fluid -> intracellular solution
Synovial fluid is
Extension of interstitial fluid and normally clear to pale yellow
Where is synovial fluid found
In joints
What does synovial fluid contain
Glucose and electrolytes similar to plasma and sometimes fibrinogens if there is an injury
Enzymes present in synovial fluid
Amylase, protase, lipase
Proteogylcans found in synovial fluid
Hyaluronic acid (contributor to viscosity) and chondritin sulfate
Rheumatoid arthritis
Synovia fluid becomes cloudy, protein increase, increased volume, increased globulin and leukocytes
Joint damage
Erythrocytes often seen, less than 2K leukocytes because no infection
How globular filtration works
First step in making urine is separating the liquid part of your blood
How is breast milk related to blood?
Prolactin causes your alveoli to take nutrients from your blood supply and turn them into breast milk
What happens during lactation
Breast milk is produced and stored in the alveoli and then pumped through ducts
Where is the aqueous humor found
Anterior chamber of the eye
3 functions of the aqueous humor
- maintain intraocular pressure
- nutrify avascular cornea, lend, and iris
- acts as a powerful lens
Aqueous humor fluid half life is
45 minutes
Ciliary body
Forms aqueous humor
Secretes hyaluronic acid
Acts as blood-aqueous barrier
Aqueous humor flow
Secreted by ciliary body
Passes through iris
Removed by iridiocorneal angle by canal of schlemm
When aqueous humor flow is blocked what happens
Increase in intraocular pressure, leads to glaucoma
Vitreous humor
Clear, avascular, gelatinous, maintains intra-ocular pressure, mechanical support (shock absorber), acts as lens
Where is the vitreous humor located
Posterior segment
Vitreous humor composition
Protein, glucose, PO4, upper-ascorbate, K+, collagen 2
Keratoconjunctivitis
Dry eye from lacrimal gland degeneration - 50/60 years old
Blepharitis
Abnormal meibomian glands
Tears composition
Lysozyme, lactoferrin, albumin, peroxidase, lipids
Tears composition is secreted from
95% lacrimal gland (aqueous layer), mucin-glycoproteins (conjunctival goblet cells), 5% meibomian gland (lipid layer)
Tears functions
Lubrication and oxygenation (O2 tension near 155mm hg)
Protection
Wetting optical surface
