skeletal muscle

Question 1

in slow twitch/oxidative muscle type, what is the speed of development of max tension? in fast/glycolytic?

Answer 1

slow
fast

Question 2

what is myosin ATPase activity in slow and fast?

Answer 2

slow
fast

Question 3

what is the diameter in slow and fast?

Answer 3

small
large

Question 4

what is the contraction duration in slow and fast?

Answer 4

long
short

Question 5

what is the ca2+ ATPase activity in the SR in slow and fast?

Answer 5

moderate
high

Question 6

what is the fatigue level in slow and fast?

Answer 6

fatigue resistant
easily fatigued

Question 7

what is the use for the slow and fast?

Answer 7

most used; posture muscles
least used; jumping

Question 8

what is the metabolism in slow and fast?

Answer 8

oxidative; aerobic
glycolytic

Question 9

what is the capillary density in slow and fast?

Answer 9

high o2
low o2

Question 10

what is the amount of mitochondria in slow and fast?

Answer 10

a lot of mitochondria
few mitochondria

Question 11

what is the color in slow and fast?

Answer 11

dark red (bc of myoglobulin)
pale

Question 12

what are two types of fatigue?

Answer 12

central fatigue from the CNS and peripheral fatigue from PNS

Question 13

even if there are continuous stimuli, can fatigue still happen?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

what are reason for fatigue from the CNS?

Answer 14

psychological effects, protective reflexes to prevent injury

Question 15

what are reasons for fatigue from the PNS?

Answer 15

not enough neurotransmitter release, not enough Ca2+ release, not enough Ca2+ and troponin interaction

Question 16

what is isotonic contraction?

Answer 16

the contraction leads to moving the weight.
when the muscle contracts and shortens

Question 17

what is isometric contraction?

Answer 17

the contraction doesn’t lead to moving the weight.
the muscle contracts but doesn’t shorten

Question 18

what do proprioceptors detect?

Answer 18

detect change in positions

Question 19

what do muscle spindles detect?

Answer 19

muscle stretch and maintains muscle tone

Question 20

what fibers wrap around a muscle spindle?

Answer 20

intrafusal, extrafusal, and sensory

Question 21

muscle spindles let the CNS know what 2 things?

Answer 21

how much the muscle fibers are stretching (if it is over stretching) and if the muscle tone isn’t in the optimal resting length

Question 22

what does the golgi tendon organ do?

Answer 22

Tt responds to muscle contraction/tension during isometric contraction. The tendon stretches while the muscle contracts.

Question 23

what does the golgi tendon reflex do?

Answer 23

protects the muscle from excessively heavy loads by causing the muscle to relax and drop the load

Question 24

explain what goes on during the patellar tendon (knee jerk) reflex

Answer 24

stimulus: tap on the tendon below the knee which stretched the muscle
receptor: the muscle spindle stretches and fires
afferent path: action potential travels through the sensory neuron
integrating center: sensory neuron synapses in the spinal cord
efferent path #1: somatic motor neuron
effector #1: contracts quadriceps muscle (extends leg)
response: quadriceps contract, swinging leg forward

efferent path #2 (inhibitory): interneuron inhibits somatic motor neuron
effector #2: inhibits hamstring muscle
response: hamstring says relaxed, allowing extension of leg (reciprocal inhibition)

Question 25

what goes on during the crossed extensor reflex?

Answer 25

1. Nociceptor detects a painful stimulus
2. Sensory neuron enters the spinal cord
3. Sensory neuron synapses with interneuron, which synapses with motor neuron. This causes a flex of the hamstrings, which lifts the leg that is hurt.
4. Another neuron inhibits the quadriceps muscle of the leg that is hurt.
5. Another neuron flexes the quads on the unaffected leg, which shifts the weight to this leg.
6. Another neuron inhibits the hamstring on the unaffected leg.
   This also exhibits reciprocal inhibition.

Question 26

what is reciprocal inhibition?

Answer 26

Reciprocal inhibition describes the relaxation of muscles on one side of a joint to accommodate contraction on the other side.