Pre Lecture - Basic Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Define anatomy

A

The study of the structure of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define physiology and what it contains

A

The study of biological functions and processes. (The why and how?). It contains cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define pathophysiology

A

The study of body function in a diseased state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define homeostasis

A

When everything in the body is in balance and healthy. It is the ability to maintain internal stability in an organism in response to the environmental changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is mechanism?

A

it is the compensation to try to get the body back to homeostasis and set point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens when organisms in homeostasis undergo external and internal changes?

A

The internal change results in a loss of homeostasis, and the organism tries to compensate. If the compensation fails, illness or disease ensues. If the compensation succeeds, wellness ensues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define feedback loops & set point

A

Internal body conditions fluctuate BUT it has to be maintained within homeostasis and within a set point. A set point is a safe range, and when you are out of that range, that is when the compensation starts happening.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the steps of the mechanism (compensation) during feedback loops?

A
  1. Sensors or receptors sense a deviation from a set point.
  2. The integrating center (CNS) takes info from the sensors, evaluates the info from the sensors, and initiates a proper output signal.
  3. The effector takes orders from the integrating center; it’s a structure that creates a response and corrects the deviation. It is the ACTION.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a negative feedback loop?

A

This is when the effector tries to oppose/remove the stimulus. When the stimulus/change and the response are in opposite directions, this is the negative feedback loop. It maintains homeostasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Does the response loop shut off in a negative feedback loop?

A

Yes it does, when homeostasis is back.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give 2 examples of negative feedback loops in the body

A

Eating: blood glucose goes up, so there’s a rise of insulin, which results in a lowering of blood glucose.
Fasting: blood glucose goes down, so there’s a lowering of insulin and a rise of glucagon, which results in a rise in blood glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a positive feedback loop?

A

It is when the effector reinforces the stimulus/change instead of removing/opposing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the positive feedback loop end?

A

An outside force/factor is required to shut off the response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an example of a positive feedback loop in the body?

A

Giving birth. The baby is the outside factor once it comes out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the steps of a scientific experiment?

A
  1. Observation
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Experimentation
  4. Analyze data
  5. Conclusion
  6. Replication
  7. Working model
  8. Scientific theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define independent and dependent variable

A

Independent variable: There’s only 1; it is the manipulated test condition.
Dependent variable: It is the observed result based on the independent variable. (AKA whatever we’re testing)

17
Q

What is the experimental group and the control group?

A

The experimental group is being tested on.
The control group does NOT receive test treatment.