Pre Lecture - Basic Terms Flashcards
Define anatomy
The study of the structure of the body
Define physiology and what it contains
The study of biological functions and processes. (The why and how?). It contains cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organisms.
Define pathophysiology
The study of body function in a diseased state.
Define homeostasis
When everything in the body is in balance and healthy. It is the ability to maintain internal stability in an organism in response to the environmental changes.
what is mechanism?
it is the compensation to try to get the body back to homeostasis and set point
What happens when organisms in homeostasis undergo external and internal changes?
The internal change results in a loss of homeostasis, and the organism tries to compensate. If the compensation fails, illness or disease ensues. If the compensation succeeds, wellness ensues.
Define feedback loops & set point
Internal body conditions fluctuate BUT it has to be maintained within homeostasis and within a set point. A set point is a safe range, and when you are out of that range, that is when the compensation starts happening.
What are the steps of the mechanism (compensation) during feedback loops?
- Sensors or receptors sense a deviation from a set point.
- The integrating center (CNS) takes info from the sensors, evaluates the info from the sensors, and initiates a proper output signal.
- The effector takes orders from the integrating center; it’s a structure that creates a response and corrects the deviation. It is the ACTION.
What is a negative feedback loop?
This is when the effector tries to oppose/remove the stimulus. When the stimulus/change and the response are in opposite directions, this is the negative feedback loop. It maintains homeostasis.
Does the response loop shut off in a negative feedback loop?
Yes it does, when homeostasis is back.
Give 2 examples of negative feedback loops in the body
Eating: blood glucose goes up, so there’s a rise of insulin, which results in a lowering of blood glucose.
Fasting: blood glucose goes down, so there’s a lowering of insulin and a rise of glucagon, which results in a rise in blood glucose.
What is a positive feedback loop?
It is when the effector reinforces the stimulus/change instead of removing/opposing.
How does the positive feedback loop end?
An outside force/factor is required to shut off the response.
What is an example of a positive feedback loop in the body?
Giving birth. The baby is the outside factor once it comes out.
What are the steps of a scientific experiment?
- Observation
- Hypothesis
- Experimentation
- Analyze data
- Conclusion
- Replication
- Working model
- Scientific theory