SKELETAL Flashcards
The body framework consist of:
bone, cartilage. ligaments, and joints
8 Functions of the Skeletal System
support protection movement (lever) mineral/growth factor storage (calcium and phosphorous) blood cell formation (hemopoiesis) triglyceride storage hormone production (osteocalcin, regulate bone formation) detoxification
Individual bones are classified by
shape
Bone shapes include:
long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid
A typical long bone consist of:
irregular epiphysis at each end, (cancellous bone, spongy)
shaft/diaphysis (compact)
mitotically stem cells of bone formation
periosteum and endosteum
osteogenic/ osteoprogenic
bone-forming ells the secrete the bone matrix
osteoblast
principle mature cells
occupy spaces in the lacunae, monitor and maintain bone matrix
stress or strain sensors; communicate
osteocytes
bone destroying cells, WBC
osteoclast
PTH
released by parathyroid gland
when blood Ca is down
stimulates osteoclast
Calcitonin
released by thyroid gland
when blood Ca is up
stimulates Osteoblast
Axial skeleton consist of the
skull
vertebral column
twelve pairs of ribs and sternum
The skulls Is compromised of
28 bones
14 facials
14 cranial vault bones
Facial bones include
2 nasal 2 maxillary bones 2 zygomatic bones ONE MANDIBLE (only movable) 2 Palestine bones 1 vomer 2 lacrimal bones 2 inferior nasal conchae
The bones of cranium include
occipital, temporal, ethmoid, paired parietal, sphenoid, and ossicles of the ear
The vertebral column is divided into five subsections
7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar 5 sacral coccygeal (tailbone)
The appendicular skeleton consist of
the girdles and the limbs
The upper portion consist of the
shoulder girdles, scapula, clavicle
humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
The lower portion consist of the
pelvic girdle or os coxae
fused ilium, ischium, and pubis
femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals,metatarsals, and phalanges
