skeletal

Question 1

define cancellous bone

Answer 1

light and spongy
tiny ‘spicules’ are randomly arranged
contain bone marrow

Question 2

define compact bone

Answer 2

dense and heavy
composed of haversian systems that run along length
outside all bone layers

Question 3

define haversian systems

Answer 3

concentric layers of ossified bone matrix arranged around central canal

Question 4

define foramen

Answer 4

hole in the bone, may contain blood vessels

Question 5

define fossa

Answer 5

depressed area on bone surface

Question 6

define periosteum

Answer 6

membrane that lines outer layer of bone

Question 7

define endosteum

Answer 7

membrane that lines inner layer of bone

Question 8

define osteoblasts

Answer 8

cells that produce bone (BUILD)

Question 9

define osteoclasts

Answer 9

cells that remove bone (CONSUME)

Question 10

define endochondral bone formation

Answer 10

process of bone formation that occurs when cartilage is replaced by bone tissue

Question 11

define intramembranous bone formation

Answer 11

process involves the direct conversion of mesenchyme to the bone

Question 12

define epiphyseal plates

Answer 12

ossification of the lower part of the epiphyseal cartilage

Question 13

define red bone marrow

Answer 13

produces/forms of red blood cells

Question 14

define yellow bone marrow

Answer 14

produces cartilage and fats

Question 15

define axial skeleton

Answer 15

bones in the skull/ribs/scapula (upper part of body)

Question 16

define appendicular skeleton

Answer 16

bones in the limbs and pelvis

Question 17

define hyoid bone

Answer 17

supports phalangeal movements, when swallowing

Question 18

define Volkmann Canals

Answer 18

channels through matrix that contains blood vessels
connects haversian canals to periosteum
volkmann and haversian vessels join together

Question 19

define nutrient foramina

Answer 19

channels in large bones
contains lymph vessels, blood vessels and nerves

Question 20

define periosteum

Answer 20

serous membrane that covers outer surface of bone

Question 21

define endosteum

Answer 21

membrane that lines hollow interior surface of bones, contains oesteoblasts

Question 22

what is maxilla?
is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 22

upper jaw
axial

Question 23

what is mandible?
is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 23

lower jaw
axial

Question 24

what is hyoid bone?
is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 24

supports larynx
several portions united by cartilage
axial

Question 25

what is vertebrates? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 25

consists of a body, arch and processors invertebrate discs are cartilage separating bodies of adjacent vertebrae axial

Question 26

what are ribs? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 26

flat bones which form lateral walls of thorax dorsal heads articulate with thoracic vertebrae costochondral junction: area where costal cartilage meets bony ribs axial

Question 27

what is sternum? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 27

breastbone floor or thorax composed of sternebrae manubrium sterni- most cranial xiphoid process- most caudal axial

Question 28

what is the scapula? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 28

forms portion of shoulder joint allows full-function of upper extremity movement appendicular

Question 29

what is the clavicle? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 29

collar bone no function within skeletal system floats within the brachiocephalic muscle appendicular

Question 30

what is the brachium/antebrachium? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 30

divides the thoracic limb appendicular

Question 31

what is the humerus? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 31

long bone of brachium appendicular

Question 32

what is the ulna? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 32

stabilises the limb appendicular

Question 33

what is the radius? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 33

main weight-bearing bone of the antebrachium, alongside humerus/ulna appendicular

Question 34

what is the carpus? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 34

known as the 'wrist' appendicular

Question 35

what is the metacarpals? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton? how many do dogs and cats have?

Answer 35

bones in front paws extend from distal carpal bones to proximal phalanges appendicular 5 bones

Question 36

what is the pelvis? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 36

3 fused bones appendicular

Question 37

what bones fuse to for the pelvis?

Answer 37

ilium ischium pubis

Question 38

what is the ilium?

Answer 38

dorsocranial direction, forms sacroiliac joint with sacrum

Question 39

what is the ischium?

Answer 39

caudal pelvic bone

Question 40

what is the pubis

Answer 40

cranial portion of pelvic floor

Question 41

what is the femur? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 41

trochlea articular groove containing patella (knee cap) proximal end forms part of hip joint Femoral head, fits deep into acetabulum of pelvis appendicular

Question 42

what is the tibia is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 42

main-weight bearing bone of lower limb forms the stifle joint with femur, the hock with tarsus appendicular

Question 43

what is the fibula? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 43

parallel to tibia, not weight bearing serves as muscle attachment site appendicular

Question 44

what is the tarsus-hock (ankle)? is it apart of axial or appendicular skeleton?

Answer 44

2 rows of tarsal bones appendicular

Question 45

what is the patella (kneecap)

Answer 45

large sesamoid bone formed in distal tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle protects tendons

Question 46

what is the fabellae?

Answer 46

2 small sesamoid bones in proximal gastrocnemius muscle tendons of dogs/cats not in cattle or horses

Question 47

what is the visceral skeleton?

Answer 47

bones that form in organs e.g. os penis

Question 48

what are the 3 classifications of joints?

Answer 48

fibrous- immovable cartilaginous- slightly moveable synovial- freely moveable