cell division

Question 1

define chromosome

Answer 1

thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein. Carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 2

how many chromosomes do:
humans
cats
dogs

Answer 2

human: 23 pairs, 46 in total
cats: 19 pairs, 38 in total
dogs: 39 pairs, 78 in total

Question 3

define chromatid

Answer 3

each thread-like strand, which a chromosome divides during cell division

Question 4

define centromere

Answer 4

point of attachment on a chromosome

Question 5

define diploid

Answer 5

2 sets of chromosomes (full set)

Question 6

define haploid

Answer 6

single set of unpaired chromosomes (half set)

Question 7

define centrosome/centrioles

Answer 7

an organelle near the nucleus of cell which contains the centrioles which form the spindle fibres for cell division.

Question 8

how does somatic cells divide?
what are somatic cells?
how many chromosomes do they contain?

Answer 8

mitosis
body cells apart from reproductive cells
diploid

Question 9

how does germ cells divide?
what are germ cells and examples of them?
how many chromosomes do they contain?

Answer 9

meosis
sex cells such as spermatoza and ova
haploid, but they join together to create a full set