Cells and Organelles

Question 1

what are cells?

Answer 1

• cells make up tissues and organs
• microscopic and contain organelles within them
• ‘building block’ of all structures

Question 2

what are the 5 functions of cells?

Answer 2

• take nutrients
• expels waste products
• grows and repairs themselves
• each cell has the same structure
• many chemical changes and processers within cells and tissues to maintain homeostasis (stability)

Question 3

function of nucleus

Answer 3

• brain of cell, contained within nuclear membrane
• contains chromosomes, which tells cell how to function as it carries instructions on how to behave and information for protein synthesis

Question 4

function of cell membrane

Answer 4

• Covered with carbohydrates, recognise other cells
• Phospholipid bilayer- double layer of molecules, protein embedded.
• Protects the cells and selective permeable- allowing certain substances in and out.

Question 5

function of mitochondria

Answer 5

• powerhouse of the cell
• responsible for cellular respiration
• has folded membrane to increase surface area
• energy extraction from food and the energy is stored as ATP

Question 6

function of ribosomes

Answer 6

• site of protein synthesis
• floats freely in cytoplasm or attach themselves to endoplasmic reticulum
• binds to the mRNA, carries protein info from DNA to the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 7

function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

• synthesis and transport of lipids and steroids
• A network of membrane lined interconnected tubes and cavities- no ribosomes attached, therefore called smooth.
  !LIKE A FAB ICELOLLY!

Question 8

function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

• transports and adds structure to the proteins which have been synthesised by ribosomes
• Membrane lined interconnected tubes and cavities-ribosomes attached to give it the rough look.
  !LIKE A FAB ICELOLLY!

Question 9

function of Golgi body

Answer 9

• modifies proteins for their final destination, which helps in the formation of lysosomes
• sack of flattened sacks

Question 10

function of lysosomes

Answer 10

• digest materials taken in by phagocytosis/endocytosis (substances in and out)
• have a membrane lining and contain lysozymes or digestive enzymes
• destroys worn out organelles

Question 11

function of vacuole

Answer 11

• removes waste products, maintains cell pH level and stores water and other nutrients
• maintain pressures within a plant cell

Question 12

function of centrioles

Answer 12

• forms the centrosomes in cell division

Question 13

function of cytoplasm/cytoskeleton

Answer 13

• fluid that fills inside the cell, which provides support
• Contains organelles, glucose, proteins and ions.

Question 14

function of flagella

Answer 14

• allow propelling for certain cells (spermatozoa)
• extension of cell membrane

Question 15

function of cilia

Answer 15

• allow smaller wavelike movements over cell surface, moves debris/fluid
• extension of cell membrane