Site Specific Environmental Issues Flashcards
what is typical interval of contour lines?
1’
“the cut” and “fill”
if need to adjust slope for building, can ‘cut’ into and remove ‘fill’. more sustainable to reuse fill elsewhere on project as a berm
swale
ditch, cut in. good for blocking water
‘point up hill’
berm
mound, add up. good for blocking sound/light
‘point down hill’
ways to deal with water run off on a ramp/pavement?
add cross slope
add crown (similar to road)
1:20 slope
sloped walkway, no handrails needed
1:12 slope
ramp, handrails needed. steepest allowable slope per ada ramp
slope is given in % (#:100)
100% slope is a 45degree angle
expressway
limited access, high speed road, large, less quantity
arterial road
prominent/important, higher speed, connector of one part of a city to another
collector road
big street, traffic lights, streets filter into it
local road
not major, don’t route traffic through, lower importance, more of
alley
direct use, specifics to adjacent buildings only
typical size of parking space
9’ x 19’
300-350sqft per parking space
typical size of parking lot
60’-64’ wide x # of parking spaces (9’w each)
best practices for designing parking lots
drive through enter/exit
bump out for back up if not a drive through
shade/trees for cooling and sustainability
do not add extra space at drive aisle, stick to typical dimensions
keep enter/exit 100’ from street corner
don’t make handicap spots walk across drive aisle
site triangle
view angle, keep open so can keep traffic moving
T.O.D.
Transit oriented development
discourage private car traffic, encourage public transit. local adjacent to major hubs of transportation. cities offer incentives
what are typical incentives for TOD?
- increase size of building
- more units
- no/low parking requirements
*all noted in zoning overlay, granted by municipality
asset maps/market conditions
a map that shows neighborhood zones/key programs. ie. highschool, high end residential zone.
these are things that could impact design of project
what are environmental design concepts that are important to each project?
- project goals/appetite for green
- site analysis
- cost benefit analysis
- energy
- health (of user)
- healthy planet
- resilience
pump and treat (brownfield treatment)
common for addressing groundwater concerns. contaminated water is removed from soil and treated before disposed of
vitrification (brownfield treatment)
increases impermeability of soil by adding cement to soil. soil can also be heated and melted to increase impermeabilty. $$$$$$
removal of material (brownfield treatment)
least common and most expensive option
solidification (brownfield treatment)
removes water and changes soil chemically to reduce permeability and reduce the transportation of contaminants by percolation
soil vapor extraction (brownfield treatment)
uses vacuum pressure to remove VOC’s from soil through use of vapor extraction wells dug into soil
air sparging (brownfield treatment)
injection of air into groundwater to flush out volatile contaminants
incineration (brownfield treatment)
controlled burning of soil or solids
bioremeditaion (brownfield treatment)
microoraganisms from plant matter are used to degrade hazardous organic compounds
phytoremeditaion (brownfield treatment)
specific form of bioremeditaion, selected plants consume or break down contaminants in soil, sediments or water
soil washing (brownfield treatment)
water is used to flush out contaminants
solvent extraction (brownfield treatment)
solvents are used to remove contaminants in lieu of water
dechlorination (brownfield treatment)
chemical treatment to remove chlorine atoms bonded to hazardous chemicals
passive treatment wells (brownfield treatment)
barriers are constructed of reactive materials and installed in an aquifer to promote a chemical reactions between the barrier and a contaminant in the groundwater
capped sites (brownfield treatment)
sometimes necessary to isolate excavations by lining them to prevent contamination. caps are constructed of impermeable geo-textiles
caps need mainentance and have life cycle costs
