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biologie > sistemul urinar > Flashcards

sistemul urinar Flashcards

1
Q

ce rinichi e pozitionat mai sus

A

stang

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2
Q

la ce coasta e suprarenala

A

8

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3
Q

functia sist urinar

A

reglarea concentratiei si compozitiei lichidelor interstitiale - plasma si fluide tisulare

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4
Q

din ce se form urina

A

plasma sanguina

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5
Q

roluri rinichi

A

-regleaza V plasmei
-controleaza c% produsilor de degradare din sange
-regleaza c% electrolitilor plasmatici - ioni
-mentine echilibrul acido-bazic

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6
Q

marime si greutate rinichi

A

aprox un pumn
175 g

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7
Q

de cine sunt sustinuit rinichii in poz

A

t adipos si conj

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8
Q

pozitionare artera si vena renala

A

vena inferior de artera
vena mai mare decat artera

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9
Q

tub contort proximal

A

activ: Na, aa, glucoza
difuziune facilitata: Cl
osmoza: apa

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10
Q

ramura descendenta

A

difuziune facilitata: Na

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11
Q

ramura ascendenta

A

transport activ: NaCl

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12
Q

tub contort distal

A

reabsorbtia selectiva
prin ADH - osmoza de apa
secretie de NH3, ioni, medicamente, hormoni etc

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13
Q

filtrare=

A

trecerea subst din capilarele glomerulare in capsula Bowman

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14
Q

cauzele filtratii

A

permeabilitatea mare a capilarelor glomerulare
presiune mare in capilarele glomerulare

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15
Q

capacitatea de filtrare a glomerulului

A

7.5 L / ora

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16
Q

rata de filtrare la barbati

A

125 mL / minut

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17
Q

rata de filtrare la femei

A

105 mL / minut

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18
Q

ce tubi se afla in corticala

A

tub contort proximal si distal, tub colector

19
Q

ce tubi se afla in medulara

A

ramurile ansei Henle, tub colector

20
Q

de unde se reabsoarbe H2O

A

-tub contort proximal
-ramura descendenta
-vf ansei Henle
-tub colector

21
Q

mecanism contracurent

A

Na reabsorbit din r ascendenta
apa din r descendenta

22
Q

ce se intampla cu ureea

A

este reabsorbita in zona profunda a tubului colector => ajunge in ansa Henle => tub colector => se mai reabsoarbe apa => urina

23
Q

unde are loc secretia tubulara

A

tub contort distal si colector

24
Q

ce molecule sunt secretate in tubi

A

acid uric
creatinina
H+
NH3 - activ in distal si colector
antibiotice: penicilina

25
Q

ce molecule sunt secretate in tubi

A

acid uric
creatinina
H+
NH3 - activ in distal si colector
antibiotice: penicilina

26
Q

ce face secretia tubulara

A

-excreta compusi in tubi
-schimba concentratia ionilor

27
Q

in ce tub se form urina

A

contort distal

28
Q

cand se finalizeaza reabsorbtia apei

A

cand urina trece prin mediul hiperton al medularei din jurul tubului colector

29
Q

ce hormoni sunt implicati in reabsorbtia apei

A

ADH
renina - prin sistemul renina-angiotensina

30
Q

ce face aldosteronul

A

pe tubul contort distal
reabsorbtia Na si H2O
secretia de K

31
Q

secretie insuficenta de aldosteron

A

boala Addison
prea mult K => insuficienta cardiaca

32
Q

compozitia urinei

A

95 % H2O
5% subst solide: uree, ioni, saruri
+ NH3, acid uric, creatinina, cationi, anioni, corpi cetonici, pigmenti, medicamente, hormoni

33
Q

densitatea urinei

A

1015-1020

34
Q

pH urina

A

4.6-8
media: 6

35
Q

colul

A

gatul vezical
intre vezica si prostata

36
Q

lungime uretere

A

25-30cm

37
Q

uretere caract

A

-unde peristaltice
-urina intra in jeturi 5ml/minut

38
Q

cata urina se poate acumula in vezica

A

600 mL

39
Q

lungime uretra la femeie

A

5 cm

40
Q

lungime uretra la barbati

A

15 cm - relaxat

41
Q

ce excreta plamanii

A

CO2 si putina H2O

42
Q

ce excreta ficatul

A

pigmenti biliari

43
Q

ce secreta intestinul

A

saruri de Fe si Ca
apa

44
Q

ce continee transpiratia

A

apa, uree, saruri, acid uric, amoniac

biologie (19 decks)

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