sangele Flashcards

1
Q

cat % plasma si cat % elemente figurate

A

55% plasma
45% elemente figurate

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2
Q

cat % din corp reprezinta sangele

A

8%

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3
Q

pH sangelui

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

compozitia plasmei

A

92% apa
7% proteine
1% ioni
metaboliti

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5
Q

compozitia proteinelor plasmatice

A

53% albumine
40% globuline
7% fibrinogen

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6
Q

metabolitii plasmatici

A

lipide
glucoza
aa
produsi cu azot
hormoni
nutrienti
gaze respiratorii
proteine de coagulare

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7
Q

compozitie elemente figurate

A

99% hematii
1% leucocite si trombocite

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8
Q

compozitie leucocite

A

neutrofile 60%
limfocite 30%
monocite 6-8%
eozinofile 1%
bazofile 1%

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9
Q

ser

A

plasma fara proteine de coagulare
testari imunologice si sursa de anticorpi

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10
Q

rol albumine

A

mentin presiunea osmotica
mentin pH
mentin vascozitatea
transporta hormoni si AG

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11
Q

rol globuline

A

mecanism primar de aparare - gama globuline - anticorpi ce se leaga de antigene
alfa si beta globulinele - transporta hormoni, vitamine si alte substante

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12
Q

rol fibrinogen

A

produs de ficat
implicat in coagularea sangelui alaturi de alte proteine

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13
Q

cate hematii/microlitru sau mm3 la barbati si femei

A

barbati: 5.4 milioane
femei: 4.8 milioane

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14
Q

dimensiuni hematii

A

diametru: 7.8 microni
grosime: 2.6 microni

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15
Q

procentul de hematii din tub se numeste

A

hematocrit

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16
Q

hematocritul la barbati si femei

A

barbati: 47%
femei: 42%

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17
Q

cum se numesc hematiile initiale

A

hemocitoblasti

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18
Q

prea putin O2

A

hipoxie

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19
Q

ce culoare are hemoglobina
cati aa are fiecare lant polipeptidic

A

rosie
150 aa

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20
Q

cat circula hematiile

A

120 zile

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21
Q

unde sunt fagocitate hematiile

A

ficat, splina, maduva osoasa

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22
Q

ce rezulta la degradarea hemoglobinei

A

aa - refolositi pt sinteze proteice
Fe - transportat la maduva rosie, daca e in exces la ficat
hem => biliverdina => bilirubina

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23
Q

drumul bilirubinei

A

splina => ficat => bila => intestin, unde o parte din bilirubina e transformata in urobilinogen => culoarea fecalelor
o parte din urobilinogen se reabsoarbe => ficat => circulatie => rinichi => culoarea urinei

24
Q

vanataie/

A

echimoza

25
Q

procentajul grupelor sanguine

A

46% 0
40% A
10% B
4% AB

26
Q

la transfuzii se tine cont de ce de la donator si ce de la primitor

A

donator: antigene
primitor: anticorpi

27
Q

cat % din populatia americana are Rh

A

85-90%

28
Q

eritroblastoza fetala/ boala hemolitica a nou-nascutului

A

mama cu Rh-, primul copil cu Rh+
daca mai face un copil cu Rh+, anticorpi anti Rh vor produce hemoliza

29
Q

cum evitam eritroblastoza fetala

A

injectie cu anticorpi anti-Rh mamei in timpul primei sarcini sau la nastere

30
Q

rol leucocite

A

apararea organismului

31
Q

numar leucocite

A

7000/mm3

32
Q

cum circula leucocitele

A

diapedeza

33
Q

durata de viata a leucocitelor

A

ore-luni

34
Q

neutrofilele

A

granulatii citoplasmatice fine, albastru-violaceu
nucleu cu 2-5 lobi

35
Q

eozinofilele

A

granulatii citoplasmatice rosii, stralucitoare
nucleu bilobat

36
Q

bazofilele

A

granulatii citoplasmatice mari, albastru-mov inchis
nucleu in forma de S

37
Q

limfocite

A

citoplasma subtire albastra
nucleu mare stralucitor

38
Q

monocite

A

citoplasma groasa
nucleu mov potcoava/rinichi

39
Q

functii neutrofile

A

fagociteaza
se strang la locul infectiei
prea multe neutrofile: infectii bacteriene, inflamatii, leucemie

40
Q

functii bazofilele si eozinofilele

A

reactii alergice si inflamatii
prea multe eozinofile: alergii si infestatii parazitare

41
Q

limfocite B

A

stimulate de antigenele microorganismelor => prolifereaza => plasmocite care produc anticorpi, care intereact cu microorganismele care au generat producerea lor

42
Q

limfocite T

A

stimulate de prezenta antigenelor, pleaca la locul infectiei si o distrug

43
Q

patologie limfocite

A

mononucleoza infectioasa: limfocite atipice
leucemii - creste nr de leucocite

44
Q

functii monocite

A

fagociteaza
nucleu care are o depresiune pe margini
in tesuturi devin macrofage
initiaza raspunsul imun

45
Q

patologie monocite

A

leucemia cu monocite, tuberculoza, infectii fungice

46
Q

formarea trombocitelor

A

hemocitoblasti => megacariocite => fragmente de citiplasma delimitate de membrana

47
Q

functii trombocite

A

agregate plachetare -hemostaza
coagulare

48
Q

hematom

A

generat de prea putine trombocite

49
Q

cu cine react agregatele plachetare

A

cu fibrele de colagen din peretele vasului de sange => tromb plachetar

50
Q

etapele formarii trombului plachetar

A
  1. apare o solutie de continuitate
  2. adera plachetele intre ele si cu fibrele de colagen
  3. formarea agregatului plachetar
51
Q

ce contine cheagul de sange

A

fibre proteice-fibrina, cel sanguine si plachete

52
Q

tromboplastina

A

lipoproteina
transforma protrombina in trombina

53
Q

numarul plachetelor sanguine

A

300.000/mm3

53
Q

ateroscleroza

A

depunere de colagen pe vasul de sange

54
Q

tromboza

A

formarea unui cheag de sange dun cauza colesterolului depus

55
Q

embolie

A

migrarea cheagului in alta zona a organismului