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biologie > sistemul digestiv > Flashcards

sistemul digestiv Flashcards

1
Q

anus vs rect

A

anus - iesirea propriu-zisa
rect - ultimul canal inainte de iesire

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2
Q

int gros este posterior/anterior de cel subtire

A

anterior

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3
Q

lungime tract gastrointestinal

A

9m

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4
Q

tunica interna a tractului

A

mucoasa- strat de endoteliu pe t conj ce are putin muschi neted
are glande ce secretea enzime si mucus

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5
Q

submucoasa

A

are nervi, vase de sange si limfatice

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6
Q

strat muscular

A

la int - muschi circular - ingusteaza
la ext - muschi longitudinali - scurteaza
la stomac - muschi oblic -intre submucoasa si circular

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7
Q

cine scereta lichid seros

A

peritoneul visceral

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8
Q

fixarea limbii

A

de planseul oral - fraul limbii

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9
Q

cea mai dura substanta din organism

A

smaltul

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10
Q

unde se gasesc cele mai multe saruri de Ca

A

hidroxiapatita

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11
Q

glanda parotida

A

dedesubtul urechii , profund, drenata in zona interna a obrazului de ductul parotidian - opus de molarul 2 superior

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12
Q

glanda submandibulara

A

in planseul oral, drenata de ductul submandibular-deasupra planseului oral si lateral de fraul limbii

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13
Q

glanda linguala

A

in planesul oral, sub limba, in fata glandei submandibulare - dreanat de ducte linguale,ce se deschid sub limba

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14
Q

uvula

A

prelungire ce se extinde de la nivelul palatului moale

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15
Q

in cav orala se initiaza digestia

A

glucidelor

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16
Q

celulele seroase de la nivelul glandelor salivare - ENZIMA

A

amilaza: amidon is si glicogen => maltoza

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17
Q

lungime esofag

A

25 cm

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18
Q

hiatus esofagian

A

locul in care esofagul traverseaza diafragma

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19
Q

muschii esofagului

A

in 1/3 superioara striat
in 1/3 inferioara neted

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20
Q

coordonarea caror structuri e necesara pt deglutitie

A

limba, palat moale, faringe si esofang

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21
Q

ce muschi act prima data in perristaltism: circulari/longitudinali

A

longitudinali

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22
Q

limita dintre esofag si stomac

A

sfincter esofagian inferior/ cardial

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23
Q

dispunere stomac intre

A

sfincter cardial - sfincter piloric

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24
Q

rugae

A

pliuri ale stomacului care se observa cand este gol

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25
Q

epiplon - strat dublu de peritoneu

A

micul epiplon - intre ficat si mica curbura
marele epiplon - intre organele abdominale si marea curbura

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26
Q

in stomac, bolul alimentar devine

A

chim

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27
Q

ce intra in alcatuirea glandelor gastrice

A

celule mucoase - la suprafata
celule parietale - la mijloc
celule principale - la baza

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28
Q

ce secreta celulele parietale

A

HCl - activeaza enzime proteolitice: pepsinogen => pepsina
factor intrinsec - absorbtia vitaminei B12 in intestinul subtire

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29
Q

celulele principale

A

secreta enzime proteolitice in forma inactiva : pepsinogen, iar HCl il transforma in pepsina

pepsina: proteine => peptide
labfermentul: proteinele din lapte => proteine coagulante - la sugari

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30
Q

controlul secretiei de suc gastric

A

nervul X
gastrina produsa de celule enteroendocrine

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31
Q

ce secretii controleaza gastrina

A

pepsinogen
mucus
HCl

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32
Q

ce se absoarbe in stomac

A

cant mici de H2O
glucoza
ioni
alcool

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33
Q

intestinul subtire e curpins intre

A

sfincterul piloric si cel ileocecal

34
Q

lungime duoden

A

25 cm

35
Q

lungime jejun

A

2.5 m

36
Q

lungime ileon

A

3.5-4 m

37
Q

straturile peretelui int subtire

A

mucoasa
musculara mucoase
submucoasa
…

38
Q

ce se varsa in lumenul duodenului

A

-ductul cu secretia criptelor Liberkuhn
-ductul pancreatic, iar dupa ampula hepatopancreatica
-caile biliare ( ductul hepatic comun si ductul coledoc) cu bila, iar dupa ampula hepatopancreatica

39
Q

submucoasa duodenului

A

-aglomerari de t limfoid, identic cu placile Peyer din ileon
-glandele lui Brunner - mucus ce neutralizeaza

40
Q

enzimele din sucul pancreatic

A

-tripsina, chimotripsina, carboxipeptidaze: proteinele si peptidele => dipeptide
-amilaza pancreatica: amidon => maltoza
-lipaza pacreatica: lipidele emulsionate de bila => AG si glicerol

41
Q

ce mai contine sucul pancreatic, in afara de enzime

A

ioni bicarbonat => neutralizeaza ( enzimele -in afara de pepsina - funct pa pH neutru )

42
Q

enzimele din sucul intestinal

A

-dipeptidaze si aminopeptidaze: dipeptidele si peptidele => aa
-dizaharidaze: lactaza: lactoza=> glucoza si galactoza; maltaza: maltoza => glucoza; zaharaza: zaharoza=> glucoza si fructoza
-nucleaze: ADN si ARN => nucleotide

43
Q

ce contine bila

A

bicarbonat - neutralizeaza
saruri biliare - emulsioneaza lipide

44
Q

absorbtia lipidelor si a vit liposolubile este crescuta de catre

A

bila

45
Q

miceliile

A

-rezulta in urma emulsionarii
-forma de transport a AG si a monogliceridelor
-traverseaza membr celulelor vilozitatilor intestinale => chiliferul central (sub forma de trigliceride) =>intra in chilomicroni - picaturi de lipide de dim microscopice

46
Q

controlul eliberarii sucului pacreatic

A

nervul X
hormonal: secretina si colecistochinina - secretati de int subtire - act si pe ficat si vezica biliara

47
Q

vilozitati vs microvilozitati

A

vilozitatile - pliuri ale mucoasei intestinale
microvilozitatile - pliuri ale membranei cel mucoase - dim electronomicroscopice

48
Q

lipidele sunt absorbite prin

A

difuziune

49
Q

de obicei, absorbtia intestinala se face

A

activ

50
Q

ce sunt absorbite in capilarele sanguine

A

aa, monozaharide, AG cu lant scurt de C, apa, electroliti, vitamine

51
Q

absorbtia AG cu lant lung

A

sunt resintetizati in cel epiteliale => trigliceride => prin difuziune in chiliferul central

52
Q

absorbtia Na

A

trece ACTIV in cel epiteliale => trece PASIV in lichid interstitial => trece PASIV in capilare

53
Q

absorbtia glucozei

A

mereu pasiva

54
Q

lungime rect

A

18-20 cm

55
Q

lungime cec

A

6-7 cm

56
Q

dimensiuni intestin gros

A

lungime 1,5 m
diametru 6 cm

57
Q

ce intra in alcatuirea materiilor fecale

A

-alimente nedigerate
-bacterii
-apa
-cel epiteliale
-saruri anorganice

58
Q

cata apa absoarbe intestinul gros

A

300-400 ml / zi

59
Q

vitamina K

A

produsa de flora intestinala

60
Q

dimensiuni pacreas

A

lungime 13 cm
grosime 2,5 cm
posterior de marea curbura

61
Q

comunicare intre pacreas si duoden

A

ductul Wirsung -pacreatic - mai mare
ductul Santorini - accesor

62
Q

cine se uneste pt ampula hepatoencefalica

A

wirsung cu ductul biliar

63
Q

pe unde intra ductul accesor

A

la 2.5 cm deasupra ampulei

64
Q

pancreasul exocrin este organizat in

A

acini

65
Q

caracteristici sucul pacreatic

A

-limpede,incolor
-contine apa, saruri, bicarbonat - neutralizare si nezime
-sistem tampon- ce are caracter alcalin

66
Q

marginea superioara a ficatului e la nivelul coastei

A

5

67
Q

lobii ficatului

A

drept, stang, caudat, patrat

68
Q

ligamentul falciform

A

intre lobii ficatului

69
Q

ce celule intra in alcatuirea lobulilor ficatului

A

hepatocite- cel hepatice
macrofage - cel Kupffer

70
Q

caracteristici bila

A

-lichid galben-maroniu/verde-oliv
ph 7.6-8.6

71
Q

compozitia bilei

A
  • apă;
  • săruri biliare;
  • colesterol;
  • lecitină (fosfolipid);
  • pigmenți biliari – principalul este bilirubina;
  • ioni.
72
Q

duct biliar/

A

duct coledoc

73
Q

cine dreneaza vezica biliara

A

ductul cistic

74
Q

ficatul pe metab lipidic

A

AG => acetil coenzima A

75
Q

ficatul pe metab proteic

A

dezaminarea aa => molecule noi folosite pt sinteze de lipide si glucide + uree - principala subst dizolvata in urina

76
Q

in ficat se sintetizeaza si

A

proteine plasmatice: albumine, globuluine, fibrinogen, protrombina

77
Q

cel ficatului pot indeparta produsi precum

A

droguri, medicamente, hormoni, toxine

78
Q

enzimele hepatice ntern in

A

alterarea stucturii hormonilor steroizi- estrogeni si aldosteron

79
Q

ficatul stocheaza

A

vitamine A B D K si minerale Fe si Cu
Fe e stocat ca feritina, alaturi de apoferitina

80
Q

ficatul activeaza

A

vitamina D

biologie (19 decks)

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