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biologie > sistemul endocrin > Flashcards

sistemul endocrin Flashcards

1
Q

hormonii steroidieni

A

cortizol, cortizon, aldosteron, estrogen, progesteron, testosteron

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2
Q

hormonii proteici

A

insulina, calcitonina, hormonii hipofizari: STH si prolactina

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3
Q

hormonii peptidici

A

oxitocina si ADH ( antidiuretic/vasopresina)

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4
Q

hormonii aminici

A

tiroxina, adrenalina si noradrenalina

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5
Q

hormonii glicoproteici

A

FSH, LH, TSH

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6
Q

mod de functionare hormoni steroizi

A

…

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7
Q

mod de functionare hormoni nonsteroizi

A

…

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8
Q

ADH

A

act pe tubii renali, absorbtie de apa, vreste V si p sanguine -> vasoconstrictie
hiposecretie: diabet insipid

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9
Q

oxitocina

A

act pe muschii netezi ai uterului si glandei mamare: contractii uterine si expulzia laptelui

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10
Q

STH

A

-stimuleaza introducerea AA si proteinelor in celule
-mobilizeaza grasimile
-promoveaza sinteza proteica
-191 aa

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11
Q

boli STH

A

-hipo in copilarie: nanism hipofizar
-hiper in copilarie: gigantism
-hiper la adulti: acromegalie

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12
Q

acromegalia

A

schimbarea fizionomiei si a aspectului fizic, se ingroasa oasele si tesuturile - fata, maini, laba piciorului

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13
Q

TSH

A

-dezv tiroidei, captarea I2, sinteza si eliberare de h tiroidieni

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14
Q

ACTH

A

-act pe corticosuprarenala, piele, fiact, gl mamara
-crestere tisulara, secretia de glucocorticoizi, creste rata metab, depunerea glicerolului in ficat, pigmentarea pielii, producerea laptelui

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15
Q

Prolactina

A

pe glanda mamara - producerea laptelui

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16
Q

MSH

A

act pe melanocitele cutanate - pigmentarea pielii

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17
Q

FSH

A

dezv foliculilor ovarieni pt producerea ovulelor, dezv tubilor seminiferi pt producerea spermatozoizi

18
Q

LH

A

-pe corpul galben - maturarea foliculilor ovarieni, ovulatie, formarea corpului galben, secretia de estrogen si progesteron
-pe cel interstitiale din testicule - testosteron

19
Q

hormonii tiroidieni

A

-accelereaza rata metabolismul celular
-la tineri-regleaza cresterea si stimuleaza maturarea SN
-stimuleaza activ enzimelor din metab glucozei
-cresc rata metab bazal
-cresc cant de O2 consumata
-cresc caldura produsa
-cresc nr de receptori sanguini

20
Q

gusa

A

cand tiroida nu are I2

21
Q

cretinism

A

hiposecretia la tiroida la copii

22
Q

mixedem

A

hiposecretia la tiroida la adulti

23
Q

boala Graves/ gusa exoftalmica

A

hipersecretia tiroidei la adulti

24
Q

bolile tiroidei

A

gusa
gusa exoftalmica/boala Graves
cretinism
mixedem

25
Q

cum se manifesta cretinismul

A

crestere deficitara, trasaturi faciale ingrosate, crestere osoasa anormala, retard mental, letargie generala, se trateaza cu hormonoterapie

26
Q

cum se manifesta mixedemul

A

crestere in greutate, ritm cardiac lent, rata metabolica scazuta, lipsa de energie, stare de slabiciune generala

27
Q

cum se manifesta boala Graves/ gusa exoftalmica

A

pierdere in greutate, accelerarea pulsului, cresterea apetitului si a ratei metabolice, exoftalmie

28
Q

calcitonina

A

baga Ca in oase

29
Q

parathormonul

A

reabsorbtia Ca in tubii renali si mucoasa intestinala
reabsoarbe Ca din oase, rinichi si intestin
stimuleaza activitatea renala a vitaminei D => regleaza absorbtia Ca in intestin
boli: tumoare paratiroidiana

30
Q

insulina

A

51 aa in 2 lanturi proteice
produsa ce celulele beta, dupa masa

31
Q

boli pancreas

A

diabet 1 - nu e insulina
diabet 2- nr redus de receptori pt insulina

32
Q

glucagonul

A

produs de celulele alfa
glicogenoliza in ficat
promoveaza gluconeogeneza - din aa si lipide
elimina aa din sange

33
Q

aldosteron

A

mineralocorticoid
regleaza nivelul de Na si K
secretia e reglata de concentratia sanguina

34
Q

cortizol

A

glucocorticoid
-act pe metab glucid,lipd,proteic
-vasoconstrictie
-rol antiinflamator
-secretie reglata de ACTH prin feedback negativ

35
Q

hormoni steroizi din corticosuprarenala

A

infl car sexuale

36
Q

boli corticosuprarenala

A

hipo de ambele: Boala Addison
hiper de gluco: sindromul Cushing

37
Q

boala Addison

A

hipo glu si mineralo
dezechilibru de Na si K, ten inchis, deshidratare, hipotensiune, slabiciune

38
Q

sindromul Cushing

A

hiper glu
umflarea fetei, hipertensiune, slabiciune

39
Q

adrenalina si noradrenalina

A

zona medulara
complementari cu SN simpatic
catecolamine

40
Q

prostaglandine

A

inima, plamani, rinichi,ficat
-h non steroidieni
diverse efecte: contractia muschiului neted

41
Q

eritropoetina

A

rinichi, hematopoeza in maduva rosie

42
Q

epifiza

A

in mezencefal, pe peretele sup al V3, lipita de talamus
melatonina:
-ritm nictemeral
-regleaza secretia altor hormoni
-efecte pe org reprod-ovare

biologie (19 decks)

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