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biologie > metabolism > Flashcards

metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

-reactii catabolice converg catre/ diverg de la cai metabolice principale
-reactii anabolice converg catre/diverg de la cai metabolice principale

A

converg catre
diverg de la

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2
Q

glicoliza

A

glucoza => acid piruvic

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3
Q

ciclul Krebs (ciclul acizilor tricarboxilici)

A

acid piruvic se degradeaza => energie stocata ca NADH

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4
Q

lantul transportor de electroni

A

transportul e intre citocromi si coenzime => energie

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5
Q

chemiosmoza

A

foloseste energia pt a pompa protonii transmembranar + sinteza de ATP

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6
Q

metab glucidic - procese ce au loc in citoplasma

A

glicoliza

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7
Q

metab glucidic - procese ce au loc in mitocondrii

A

ciclul Krebs, lantul transportor de electroni, chemiosmoza

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8
Q

ce hormoni amplifica glicogenoliza

A

glucagon, adrenalina

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9
Q

surse neglucidice de obt a glucozei

A

aa
lipide
glicerol
acid lactic

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10
Q

chilomicron e format din

A

lipide
proteine
colesterol
fosfolipide

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11
Q

unde se form chilomicronii

A

in mucoasa intestinala

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12
Q

transportul lipidelor

A

AG se fixeaza de albumine
se combina cu proteine => lipoproteine

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13
Q

VLDL

A

60% trigliceride
15% colesterol

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14
Q

LDL

A

50% colesterol
transporta colesterol de la ficat la celule
mult LDL => mult colesterol => risc crescut de boli coronariene

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15
Q

HDL

A

20% colesterol
5% trigliceride
50% proteine
transporta colesterol de la celule la ficat

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16
Q

catabolism glicerol

A

in citoplasma
glicerol => DHAP (dihidroxiacetonfosfat -intermediar in glicoliza) => acid piruvic SAU glucoza

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17
Q

catabolism AG

A

in mitocondrie
AG (16) => 8 acetil CoA (2) (prin betaoxidare) => intra in ciclul Krebs => 129 ATP

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18
Q

ce se poate intampla in timpul catabolismului lipidic

A

acetil CoA => acid acetoacetic => acetona + acid betahidroxibutiric = corpi cetonici

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19
Q

cand este metab lipidic accelerat

A

diabetici zaharati => cetoacidoza => creste aciditatea si poate aparea coma diabetica
miros specific de acetona

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20
Q

cauze cetocitoza

A

putina glucoza, multe lipide

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21
Q

anabolismul lipidelor

A

glucoza => acetil CoA => lipide

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22
Q

acizi grasi NEsaturati esentiali

A

linoleic
linolenic
arahidonic

23
Q

ce hormoni stimuleaza eliberarea AG din tesuturi

A

STH
adrenalina
glucagonul
tiroxina
ACTH

24
Q

absorbtia aa din intestin se realizeaza

A

activ/ difuziune facilitata

25
Q

codul genetic ADN

A

secventa aa la nivel celular

26
Q

dezaminare

A

gruparea NH2 e inlocuita cu gruparea ceto
rezulta NH3 => intra in ciclul ureei/ornitinei +CO2 => ureea - eliminata renal

27
Q

drumul cetoacidului rezultat prin dezaminare

A

intra in glicoliza si ciclu Krebs => energie SAU acetil CoA => AG

28
Q

proteine complete
incomplete

A

animale
vegetale

29
Q

ce hormoni intervin in metab proteic

A

STH
testosteron si estrogeni
tiroxina
glucocorticoizii - degradarea proteica in cel

30
Q

cat % din greutatea corpului sunt minerale

A

5%

31
Q

calciu

A

cel mai des intalnit mineral
oase si dinti
coagulare
t nervos si muscular

32
Q

sodiu

A

cel mai des intalnit cation extracelular
echilibru hidric
t nervos si muschi

33
Q

potasiu

A

cel mai des intalnit cation intracelular
t nervos si muschi

34
Q

fosfor

A

oase si dinti
ATP si acizi nucleici

35
Q

magneziu

A

component de ENZIMA
t nervos si muschi
oase

36
Q

fier

A

hemoglobina, mioglobina,citocromi

37
Q

iod

A

tiroxina si alti h implicati in metab

38
Q

sulf

A

aa, vitamine, citocromi

39
Q

cupru

A

hemoglobina si melanina

40
Q

zinc

A

crestere normala
component de ENZIMA

41
Q

mangan

A

ciclul ureei
activator enzimatic

42
Q

cobalt

A

vit B12
maturarea eritrocitelor

43
Q

masurarea caldurii

A

direct - calorimetru - camera izolata
indirect - masurarea ratei consumului de O2

44
Q

rata metab creste cu x% dupa mancat

A

10-20% => efect termic al alimentelor

45
Q

1 kcal

A

cant de Q necesara cresterii temp H2O cu 1 grad

46
Q

temperatura normala a organismului

A

36.7 C /98.6 F

47
Q

radiatie

A

Q se pierde sub forma radiatiilor infrarosii

48
Q

evaporare

A

transpiratie si perspiratie

49
Q

conductie

A

contact direct intre doua suprafete, cu schimb de Q

50
Q

convectie

A

contactul aerului cu corpul, urmat de eliberarea caldurii ( vant cu evantaiul)

51
Q

unde este centrul termoreglator

A

hipotalamus

52
Q

receptori termici periferici
centrali

A

piele si mucoase
hipotalamus, maduva, org abdominale

53
Q

subst pirogene

A

regleaza termostatul la o temp mai inalta

54
Q

cum se conserva Q in corp

A

frisoane, tremuraturi
vasoconstrictie

biologie (19 decks)

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