Sinus And Atrial Rhythms Flashcards
One of the eight steps in EKG interpretation that involves a pattern.
rhythm
One of the eight steps in EKG interpretation that involves numbers
rate
Name the eight step procedure when using an EKG interpretation?
1) Rhythm 5) PR Interval
2) Rate 6) QRS Interval
3) P Wave 7) T Wave
4) ST Segment 8) QT Interval
beginning of the P to the uprising of the R
PR Interval
Name the wave when the ventricles relax
T Wave
Atrium contracts on what wave
P wave
What waves shows ventricle contraction
R wave
For ventricular rhythms examine
the R to R intervals on the EKG strip
For atrial rhythms, observe and ask what?
the P-P intervals and ask are the regular
The method where you count the number of QRS complexes over a 6 second interval then multiply by 10 to determine
rate
define the RATE
A method for determining heart rate, in which one would count the number of QRS complexes over 6 second interval. Then multiply by 10 to determine heart rate
Are heart rate and pulse the same
yes
The wave that represents atrial depolarization
P wave
In a normal EKG, this wave precedes the QRS complex. It looks like a small bump upwards from the baseline
P wave
means to contract
depolarization
depolarization
means to contract
What calipers and how is it involved with the P-R interval
Calipers, marked paper or counting small boxes methods can be used to determine PR Intervals and normally this interval is 0.12 to 0.20 seconds ( 3 to 5 small boxes)
What is the P-R Interval
P wave begins until the beginning of the QRS complex.
Complex that indicates ventricular depolarization
The QRS complex
What triggers contraction of the ventricles
depolarization
The QRS complex indicates
The QRS complex indicates ventricular depolarization. Depolarization triggers contraction of the ventricles.
indicates the depolarization of the ventricles
The T wave
It is a slightly asymmetrical waveform that follows (after a pause), the QRS complex.
The T wave
The T wave indicates
The T wave indicates the depolarization of the ventricles. Its is a slightly asymmetrical waveform that follows (after a pause), the QRS complex.
ventricles are starting to relax again
The T wave
interval that represents the time of ventricular activity including both depolarization and repolarization.
The QT interval
The QT interval
the interval that represents the time of ventricular activity including both depolarization and repolarization
represents the early part of ventricular repolarization
The ST segment
The ST segment represents
the early part of ventricular repolarization
the line that from the end of the QRS complex to beginning of the T wave. Normally it is flat relative to the baseline.
The ST segment
The ST segment is the line
that from the end of the QRS complex to beginning of the T wave. Normally the ST segment is flat relative to the base line
rate of between 60-100 bpm
normal sinus rhythm
every QRS complex is preceded by a P wave and every P wave must be followed by a QRS is called
normal sinus rhythm
What is a normal sinus rhythm
Rate of between 60-100 bpm and every QRS complex is preceded by a P wave and every P wave must be followed by a QRS
rate of more than 100 bpm in a normal adult but often it is limited below 150 bpm
Sinus Tachycardia
Every QRS complex is preceded by a P sinus wave and every P wave must be followed by a QRS
Sinus Tachycardia
What is Sinus Tachycardia
A rate of more than 100 bpm in a normal adult but often it is limited to below 150 bpm and every QRS complex is preceded by a P sinus wave and every P wave must be followed by a QRS
What rhythm does not give the heart time to relax
sinus tachycardia
rate of less than 60 bpm in a normal adult
sinus bradycardia
what type of sinus rhythm may constant in athletes
sinus bradycardia
what rhythms must have a QRS complex preceded by a P Wave and must be followed by a QRS
normal sinus rhythm, sinus tachycardia, and sinus bradycardia
this rhythm is irregular, with the rate increasing on inspiration and decreasing on expiration
sinus arrhythmia
A difficult rhythm, often it is benign
sinus arrhythmia
this commonly seen in children and less common in adults
sinus arrhythmia
What is a sinus exit block/sinoatrial block?
A sinus exit block or sinoatrial block results when the impulse from the sinoatrial (SA) node is blocked and does not depolarizes the atrium.
Although there SA node is firing at the usual rate, the impulse are not passed on. There will be pauses equivalent to multiple P-P intervals
a sinus exit block or sinoatrial block
occurs when there is a premature firing from the SA node.
Premature Atrial Contraction
PAC
Premature Atrial Contraction
Why does a PAC occur when there is a premature firing from the SA node.
Premature atrial contraction occurs due to increase irritability of the atria resulting in increased automaticity. Sine the SA node firing is earlier, the complex comes earlier.
When the P wave and the T wave combine
Premature Atrial Contraction
When the P wave come before the dissolution of the T wave.
This causes the P wave to become abnormal (biphasic, raised, flattened…). A normal QRS complex (narrow QRS as it originates from the atria) flows the P wave this all occurs in a PAC.
Is one event, not a rhythm
Premature Atrial Contraction
rapid, disorganized electrical signals cause the atria to fibrillate
A-Fib
means to contract very fast and irregulalry
fibrillate
What does A-Fib occur
AF occurs if rapid, disorganized electrical signals cause the atria to fibrillate.
the heart’s two upper chambers are called
the atria
A sick SA node is an indication of
A-Fib
When blood pools in the atria, It isn’t pumped completely into the ventricles and as a result the atria and ventricles don’t work together as they should.
A-Fib
The heart’s lower chambers
ventricles
one of the most common arrhythmias that is seen in clinical practice. It is particularly prevalent in the elderly population.
Atrial Fibrillation
When the AV node is bombarded by a barrage of imposes and cannot conduct all of them to the ventricles… what is this call
Atrial Fibrillation thankfully conduction to the ventricles is variable and can range from bradycardia to tachycardia.
What is fast or uncontrolled atrial fibrillation.
When more than 100 atrial impulses are conducted to the ventricles this results in a ventricular rate of more than 100 beats per minute
What is controlled A-Fib
A ventricular rate of less than 100 is generally referred to as controlled Atrial fibrillation
Atrial Fibrillation may be seen as a consequence of the following
-Advanced age, Atrial enlargement, alcohol, myocardial infarction, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pericarditis, idiopathic
Term for not knowing the cause of a disease
idiopathic
infection of the heart
pericarditis
blood clot
pulmonary embolism
diseased atrial
Atrial Fibrillation
When looking on a EKG or ECG for Atrial Fibrillation what characteristics would you see
- the rhythm is irregularly irregular
- The heart rate can be variable and depends on how many atrial impulses are transmitted from the atrial to the ventricles
- There are no P waves
- P waves are replaced by f waves
- there are QRS complexes and T waves
- P:QRS ratio is not applicable as we have no P waves
- P-R interval is not applicable
squiggly lines on A-Fib strip
fibrillatory wave or F wave
the results from an reentry circuit within the atria at a rate of 250-350.
Atrial Flutter
this dysrhythmia is recognized by the sawtooth appearance of baseline
Atrial Flutter
Define atrial flutter and it’s appearance
results from an reentry circuit within the atria at a rate of 250350. This dysrhythmia is recognized by the sawtooth appearance of the baseline
