Silicates Flashcards
Most abundant mineral group in the Earth’s crust
Silicates
_____% of minerals were silicates and the remaining belongs to the other groups
95%
Composed of silicon tetrahedron (SiO4)-4.
Silicates
Building blocks of all silictaes
Silicon tetrahedron (SiO4)-4
Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:
1:4
Nesosilicate
(Orthosilicates/island silicates)
Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:
2:7
Sorosilicate
(Disilicate/ Bow-tie Silicate)
Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:
1:3
Cyclosilicate (Ring Silicate)
And
Inosilicate (for single chain)
Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:
4:11
Inosilicate (double chain)
Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:
2:5
Phyllosilicate (sheet Silicate)
Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:
1:2
Tectosilicate (framework Silicate)
In Bowen’s reaction series: Structures become _____________
More complicated as temperature decreases
More complex structure = ___________ = _________ the magma will be.
More bonds ; more viscous
Arrangements of structure type of silicates in a discontinuous reaction series (high temp to low temp)
Isolated SiO4 groups (Nesosilicate)
single chain (Inosilicate)
Double chain (Inosilicate)
Sheet (Phyllosilicate)
Framework (tectosilicate)
Arrangements of structure type of silicates in a continuous reaction series (high temp to low temp)
Framework (tectosilicate)
*It is framework from the start of the plagioclase series down to Quartz and Zeolites
Dark minerals that contains Magnesium and /or Iron as major constituent.
Mafic Silicate minerals
The term Mafic was derived from?
Magnesian (Ma)
Ferrum (fic)
Examples of Mafic Silicate minerals
Biotite, Olivine, pyroxene, Amphibole
Light color minerals that lacks Mg and Fe as major constituent.
felsic Silicate minerals
Example of felsic Silicate minerals
Feldspars (where the term felsic was derived)
Quartz
Muscovite
The corner oxygen are not shared with other SiO4 (-4), each tetrahedron are isolated.
Nesosilicate
one of the corner oxygens is shared with another tetrahedron. It is often referred to as the double island group because there are two linked tetrahedrons isolated from all other tetrahedrons.
Sorosilicate
two of the oxygens are shared and the structure is arranged in a ring
Cyclosilicate
two of the oxygens are shared in a way to make long single chains of linked SiO4tetrahedra
Inosilicate (single chain)
two chains are linked together so that each tetrahedral group shares 3 of its oxygens, froming double chains
Inosilicate (double chain)
3 of the oxygens from each tetrahedral group are shared such that an infinite sheet of SiO4tetrahedra are shared
Phyllosilicate
