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Geology Board Exam Day 2 > Silicates > Flashcards

Silicates Flashcards

1
Q

Most abundant mineral group in the Earth’s crust

A

Silicates

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2
Q

_____% of minerals were silicates and the remaining belongs to the other groups

A

95%

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3
Q

Composed of silicon tetrahedron (SiO4)-4.

A

Silicates

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4
Q

Building blocks of all silictaes

A

Silicon tetrahedron (SiO4)-4

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5
Q

Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:

1:4

A

Nesosilicate
(Orthosilicates/island silicates)

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6
Q

Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:

2:7

A

Sorosilicate
(Disilicate/ Bow-tie Silicate)

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7
Q

Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:

1:3

A

Cyclosilicate (Ring Silicate)

And

Inosilicate (for single chain)

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8
Q

Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:

4:11

A

Inosilicate (double chain)

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9
Q

Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:

2:5

A

Phyllosilicate (sheet Silicate)

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10
Q

Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:

1:2

A

Tectosilicate (framework Silicate)

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11
Q

In Bowen’s reaction series: Structures become _____________

A

More complicated as temperature decreases

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12
Q

More complex structure = ___________ = _________ the magma will be.

A

More bonds ; more viscous

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13
Q

Arrangements of structure type of silicates in a discontinuous reaction series (high temp to low temp)

A

Isolated SiO4 groups (Nesosilicate)
single chain (Inosilicate)
Double chain (Inosilicate)
Sheet (Phyllosilicate)
Framework (tectosilicate)

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14
Q

Arrangements of structure type of silicates in a continuous reaction series (high temp to low temp)

A

Framework (tectosilicate)

*It is framework from the start of the plagioclase series down to Quartz and Zeolites

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15
Q

Dark minerals that contains Magnesium and /or Iron as major constituent.

A

Mafic Silicate minerals

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16
Q

The term Mafic was derived from?

A

Magnesian (Ma)
Ferrum (fic)

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17
Q

Examples of Mafic Silicate minerals

A

Biotite, Olivine, pyroxene, Amphibole

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18
Q

Light color minerals that lacks Mg and Fe as major constituent.

A

felsic Silicate minerals

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19
Q

Example of felsic Silicate minerals

A

Feldspars (where the term felsic was derived)
Quartz
Muscovite

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20
Q

The corner oxygen are not shared with other SiO4 (-4), each tetrahedron are isolated.

A

Nesosilicate

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21
Q

one of the corner oxygens is shared with another tetrahedron. It is often referred to as the double island group because there are two linked tetrahedrons isolated from all other tetrahedrons.

A

Sorosilicate

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22
Q

two of the oxygens are shared and the structure is arranged in a ring

A

Cyclosilicate

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23
Q

two of the oxygens are shared in a way to make long single chains of linked SiO4tetrahedra

A

Inosilicate (single chain)

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24
Q

two chains are linked together so that each tetrahedral group shares 3 of its oxygens, froming double chains

A

Inosilicate (double chain)

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25
Q

3 of the oxygens from each tetrahedral group are shared such that an infinite sheet of SiO4tetrahedra are shared

A

Phyllosilicate

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26
Q

all of the corner oxygens are shared with another SiO4tetrahedron, then a framework structure develops

A

Tectosilicate

27
Q

Olivine

A

Nesosilicate
Orthorhombic

28
Q

Mg Olivine

A

Forsterite (green Olivine)
MgSiO4

29
Q

Fe olivine

A

Fayalite (brown Olivine)
Fe2SiO4

30
Q

Mg, Fe olivine

A

Chrysolite
(Mg, Fe) SiO4

31
Q

Extraterrestrial form of Olivine

32
Q

Transparent green variety of olivine

33
Q

Garnet

A

Nesosilicate
Isometric

34
Q

Pyralspites

A

Pyrope (Mg3Al2 (SiO4)³)
Almandine Fe3
Spessartine Mn3

35
Q

Ugrandites

A

Uvarovite (Ca3Cr2 (SiO4)3
Grossular Ca3Al2
Andradite Ca3Fe2

36
Q

2 solid solution of Garnet

A

Pyralspites (red)
Ugarandites (green)

37
Q

Zircon

A

Nesosilicate
Tetragonal
ZrSiO4

38
Q

Oldest mineral

A

Zircon (4.4Ga)

39
Q

Type of Zircon that contains trace amount of radioactive elements

40
Q

Colorless, pale gray or pale yellow variety of Zircon

41
Q

Andalusite

A

Nesosilicate
Orthorhombic
Al2SiO5

42
Q

Used for high temperature ceramics spark plugs

A

Andalusite

43
Q

Andalusite with cross pattern

A

Chiastolite

44
Q

Andalusite that is bright to Olive green

45
Q

Aluminum Silicate

A

Andalusite
Silimanite
Kyanite

*Note they are nesosilicate

46
Q

Epidote

A

Sorosilicate

47
Q

Epidote group

A

Epidote (monoclinic)
Zoisite (Ortho)
Clinozoisite (mono)
Allanite (mono)
Piemonite (mono)

48
Q

Beryl

A

Cyclosilicate
Hexagonal
Be3Al2(SiO3)6

49
Q

Blue Beryl

A

Aquamarine

50
Q

Yellow beryl

51
Q

Red beryl

52
Q

Green beryl

53
Q

Clear beryl

54
Q

Pink Beryl

55
Q

Cordierite

A

Cyclosilicate
Orthorhombic

56
Q

Tourmaline

A

Cyclosilicate
Hexagonal

57
Q

Black, gray-black tourmaline

58
Q

Black/green tourmaline with needles inside

A

Tourmalinted Quartz

59
Q

Orangish-brown, Yellow, brown, green intense tourmaline

60
Q

Form in desert region, secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of copper sulfide mineral deposit

61
Q

Dioptase

A

Cyclosilicate
Hexagonal
CuSiO2(OH2)

62
Q

Minor ore of Ba and Ti

63
Q

Benitoite

A

Cyclosilicate
Hexagonal
BaTiSi3O9

64
Q

Sugilite

A

Cyclosilicate
Hexagonal

*Mn caused it to be purple

Geology Board Exam Day 2 (17 decks)

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