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Geology Board Exam Day 2 > Physical property of minerals > Flashcards

Physical property of minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Effect produced by combination of wavelength of light incident on the surface of the mineral reaching the observer’s eyes

A

Color

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2
Q

A play of color or colored reflections exhibited especially by labradorite and cause by internal structures that selectively reflect only certain colors.

A

Labradorescence (schiller effect)

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3
Q

Optical phenomenon that defines the gem known as moonstone. It is a soft glow of light that floats under the surface of a polished gemstone or under the smooth surface of a gem material.

A

Adularescence

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4
Q

observed in some semi-translucent to transparent feldspar minerals and is caused by light entering the material and reflecting from molecular interferences within the stone.

A

Adularescence

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5
Q

Unique optical property on a certain minerals where they change color upon exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet light.

A

Photochromism/ Tenebrescence

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6
Q

Best example for Tenebrescence

A

Hackmanite

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7
Q

Transition elements

A

Chromophores

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8
Q

These are the Transition elements

A

V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni. Cu

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9
Q

exhibits internally various prismatic colors when the mineral is turned.

A

Play of colors

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10
Q

Appearance of different colors when a crystal is viewed in transmitted light in different directions.

A

Pleochroism

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11
Q

Two direction has distinct colors

A

Dichroism

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12
Q

Pearly reflection from the interior of a mineral

A

Opalescence

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13
Q

Shows a series of colors due to light undergoing reflective interference with itself either on the surface or the interior.

A

Iridescence

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14
Q

Band of light moves from side to side as in a cat’s eye

A

Chatoyancy

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15
Q

Six pointed star, formed by a beam of light at right angles at each set of inclusions.

A

Asterism

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16
Q

Mineral emits visible light when exposed to UV light

A

Fluorescence

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17
Q

Some fluorescent minerals will continue to glow after the UV light has turned off

A

Phosphorescence

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18
Q

Some minerals when heated below red hear will emit visible light

A

Thermoluminescence

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19
Q

When rub it struck with a hammer, minerals will emit visible light.

A

Triboluminescence

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20
Q

Color of the powdered form of a mineral

A

Streak

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21
Q

A marked tendency to break or split easily in certain well-defined directions yielding more or less smooth surfaces which are parallel to the crystal surfaces or possible crystal system

A

Cleavage

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22
Q

3 cleavages, 6 faces at right angles

A

Cubic

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23
Q

4 cleavages, 8 faces

A

Octahedral

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24
Q

Example for cubic cleavage

A

Halite

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25
Q

Example for octahedral cleavage

A

Fluorite

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26
Q

6 cleavages 12 faces

A

Dodecahedral

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27
Q

Example of dodecahedral cleavage

A

Sphalerite

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28
Q

3 cleavages, 6 6 faces not at right angle

A

Rhombohedral

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29
Q

Example for rhombohedral cleavage

A

Calcite and dolomite

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30
Q

2 cleavages, 4 faces of many possible angles

A

Prismatic

31
Q

2 angle type in prismatic cleavage

A

90/90 & 60/120

32
Q

Example (s) for prismatic cleavage

A

Amphibole, pyroxene, feldspar

33
Q

1 cleavage, 2 faces

A

Basal

34
Q

Example of basal cleavage

A

Biotite, Muscovite, chlorite

35
Q

A plane of structural weakness in a mineral

A

Parting

36
Q

How is parting different from cleavage?

A
  1. It cannot be found in every specimen.
  2. Not absolutely repeatable/reproducible.
  3. Caused by pressure
37
Q

The appearance of the surface of a mineral when it does not break along cleavage planes.

A

Fracture

38
Q

Type of fracture where the surface is not interrupted by many noticable protuberances but with few small scales

A

Scaly fracture

39
Q

Type of fracture where the surface has no protuberances or very few indeterminate and mostly flat ones.

A

Even fracture

40
Q

Type of fracture where the surface consists of flat rounded protuberances accompanied by circular grooves as in clam shells

A

Conchoidal fracture

41
Q

Type of fracture where the surface is entirely interrupted by angular large and small protuberances

A

Uneven fracture

42
Q

Type of fracture where if certain large parts resembling fibers can be distinguished on the surface as in wood

A

Fibrous fracture

43
Q

Type of fracture where the surface is jagged and with sharp edges

A

Hackly

44
Q

Type of fracture where the surface is made up of parts resembling planes with length and breadth nearly equal

A

Foliated fracture

45
Q

Resistance that the surface of a mineral offers from scratching

A

Hardness

46
Q

A number express the ratio between the weight of the mineral and the weight of an equal volume of water at 4 degrees Celsius.

A

Specific Gravity

47
Q

Formula for specific Gravity

A

Density = mass/volume

48
Q

How measure specific Gravity in the laboratory?

A
  1. Jolly or beam balance
  2. Pycnometer
  3. Immersing in heavy liquid
49
Q

Crystallography controlled intergrowths of 2 or more crystals of the same mineral

A

Twinning

50
Q

States that: whether there is a center, a plane or an axis of twinning and gives the crystallographic orientation for the twin axis or plane.

A

Twin law

51
Q

An imaginary axis about which the crystal s can be rotated to bring into coincidence with other

A

Twin Axis

52
Q

A point about which the crystal may be inverted to bring into coincidence with the other

A

Twin center

53
Q

A mirror plane reflecting the image of one crystal across it.

A

Twin plane

54
Q

A surface or plane on which the two individuals are united

A

Composition surface

55
Q

Fizzling sound heard, combined with bubbling seen where a carbonated mineral reacts with an acid

A

Effervescence

56
Q

Can be flattened

A

Malleability

57
Q

Can be changed in shape by pressure; capable of being drawn into the form of a wire

A

Ductility

58
Q

Can be cut by a knife

A

Sectility

59
Q

Separates into fragments

A

Brittleness

60
Q

Capable of being bent or pulled out of shape

A

Elasticity

61
Q

Bends easily and stays bent after the pressure is removed

A

Flexibility

62
Q

Property of a mineral to be attracted to a hand magnet

A

Magnetism

63
Q

Strongly attracted

A

Ferromagnetic

64
Q

Slightly attracted

A

Paramagnetic

65
Q

Not attracted

A

Diamagnetic

66
Q

Mineral that lack the presence of a transition metal or other magnetic ions

A

Diamagnetic

67
Q

Magnetic ions in a mineral have a completely random orientation

A

Paramagnetic

68
Q

Magnetic ions in a mineral have a completely random orientation

A

Paramagnetic

69
Q

Natural tendency for pairs of magnetic ions to align in opposite direction so that there is spin paring between adjacent magnetic ions

A

Antiferromagnetism

70
Q

There is an excess of magnetic ions aligned in one particular direction

A

Ferromagnetism

71
Q

A property of a mineral when pressure is exerted along an axis of quartz, a positive electrical charge is set up at one end of the axis and a negative charge at the other end

A

Piezoelectricity

72
Q

Induced by heating crystals lacking a symmetric center

A

Pyroelectricity

73
Q

7 type of taste (minerals)

A
  1. Saline (salt)
  2. Alkaline (soda)
  3. Bitter (Epsom salt)
  4. Sour (acids)
  5. Astringent (iron vitriol)
  6. Sweet astringent (alum)
  7. Cooling (salt Peter)
74
Q

Example of order (mineral)

A
  1. Fetid odor / rotten egg
  2. Argillaceous odor
  3. Bituminous odor
  4. Garlic odor (e.g Arsenopyrite)

Geology Board Exam Day 2 (17 decks)

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