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Geology Board Exam Day 2 > Mineralogy > Flashcards

Mineralogy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Mineral?

A

Naturally Occurring
Homogenous Solid
Definite Chemical Composition
Inorganic
Ordered atomic arrangement

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2
Q

pertaining or relating to compound
that contains no carbon

A

Inorganic

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3
Q

means crystalline, with three-dimensional periodic
arrays of precise geometric arrangement of atoms.

A

Ordered atomic arrangement

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4
Q

products or those produced in the
laboratory

A

Synthetic Mineral

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5
Q

consists of a single solid substance that cannot
be physically subdivided into simpler chemical
compounds

A

Homogenous solid

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6
Q

Homogenous Solid excludes?

A

gases and liquid

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7
Q

lacks consistent atomic order

A

Noncrystalline / Amorphous

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8
Q

A homogenous solid possessing long-range, three dimensional internal order

A

Crystal

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9
Q

an aggregate of minerals; can be composed of one kind of mineral (monomineralic) or different kinds on minerals (polymineralic)

A

Rock

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10
Q

Minerals from which one or more metals can be extracted at a profit

A

Ore Minerals

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11
Q

Minerals which are themselves used for one or more industrials purposes.

A

Industrial Minerals

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12
Q

Minerals which have ornamental Value

A

Gems

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13
Q

Qualities of a Gem

A

Beauty
Durability
Rarity
Fashionability
Portability

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14
Q

Mineral -like materials that lacks a long range crystalline structure

A

Mineraloid

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15
Q

example of Mineraloid

A

Amorphous minerals:
Opal, Obsidian, Volcanic glass, Impactites, Fulgurite, tektites

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16
Q

Mineral species may have more than one variety which are distinguished by differences in color, habit (shape), or other properties

A

Mineral Variety

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17
Q

Two or more minerals among which there is a range in chemical composition

A

Mineral Series

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18
Q

A set of minerals with the same basic structure but different composition

A

Mineral Group

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19
Q

a=b=c, α = β = γ = 90°

A

Cubic

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20
Q

a = b ≠ c, α = β = γ= 90°

A

Tetragonal

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21
Q

a ≠ b ≠ c, α = β = γ= 90°

A

Orthorhombic

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22
Q

a = b = c, α = β = γ ≠ 90°

A

Rhombohedral

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23
Q

a = b ≠ c, α = β = 90°, γ = 120°

A

Hexagonal

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24
Q

a ≠ b ≠ c, α = γ = 90°, β ≠ 90°

A

Monoclinic

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25
Q

a ≠ b ≠ c, α ≠ β ≠ γ

A

Triclinic

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26
Q

Mineral distribution in each crystal system (%)

A

Cubic =
Tetragonal =
Orthorhombic =
Rhombohedral =
Hexagonal =
Monoclinic =
Triclinic =

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27
Q

a1 = a2 =a3 ; all angles are 90 degrees

A

Cubic/ Isometric

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28
Q

a1 = a2 =a3 but not equal to c ; angles a1-3 to c are equal to 90 degrees but angles between a axes are equal to 60 degrees

A

Hexagonal

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29
Q

a1 - a2 are not equal to c ; all angles are 90 degrees

A

Tetragonal

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30
Q

a not equal to b and not equal to c, all angles are 90 degrees

A

Orthorhombic

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31
Q

a not equal to b and not equal to c, angle between a &b and b&c are equal to 90 degrees, angle between c&a > 90 degrees

A

Monoclinic

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32
Q

a not equal to b and not equal to c, all angles are not equal to 90 degrees

A

Triclinic

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33
Q

Common external morphology that a mineral assumes during an unobstructed growth wheter in isolated or aggregates of crystals

A

Mineral Habit / Structure

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34
Q

Fine, slender, needle-like crystals (for isolated and distinct crystals)

A

Acicular

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35
Q

exhibiting narrow bands of different colors as texture (for isolated and distinct crystals). this habit is common in carbonates

A

Banded

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36
Q

Forming very thin threads which resemble hair (for isolated and distinct crystals).

A

Capillary

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37
Q

Stout, column-like individuals (for isolated and distinct crystals)

A

Columnar

38
Q

Forming long and thin little columns which resemble wire (for isolated and distinct crystals).

A

Filiform

39
Q

Somewhat elongated crystals with well developed prism faces (for isolated and distinct crystals).

A

Prismatic

40
Q

Crystals somewhat flattened in one direction (for isolated and distinct crystals).

A

Tabular

41
Q

Rounded masses resembling to bunches of grapes (for mineral Aggregates).

A

Botryoidal

42
Q

Plates approximately parallel about a common center (for mineral Aggregates)..

A

Concentric

43
Q

Botryoidal mineral habit is common in?

A

Hematite and Malchite

44
Q

Concentric mineral habit is common in?

A

Malchite

45
Q

Separates from a thicker stem into several more slender ones, similar to branches which divides into smaller sheets. (for mineral Aggregates).

A

Dendritic

46
Q

Common in Manganese Oxides

A

Dendritic

47
Q

Crystal groups radiating from a center (for mineral Aggregates). This mineral habit is common in Azurite and Malachite

A

Divergent or Radiated

48
Q

Surface covered a layer of small crystals (for mineral Aggregates). common in Quartz.

A

Drusy

49
Q

group of parallel slender thread-like strands (for mineral Aggregates). it is common in Chlorite.

A

Fibrous

50
Q

Separate easily into plates or leaves (for mineral Aggregates).

A

Foliated

51
Q

Cavity line with small crystals(for mineral Aggregates).

A

Geode

52
Q

Radiating individuals forming small spherical groups (for mineral Aggregates).

A

Globular

53
Q

aggregates of large or small grains (for mineral Aggregates). Common in Minerals formed from crystal settling

A

Granular

54
Q

Rounded masses similar to the botryoidal form but the protuberances are more flattened (mineral Aggregates).

A

Mammillary

55
Q

Compact crystalline aggregates with no regular forms.

A

Massive

56
Q

Splitting readily into exceedingly thin plates or sheets

A

Micaceous

57
Q

Aggregate of small sphere the size of fish roe

A

Oolitic

58
Q

Small globular aggregates about the size of peas or in round concretionary grains.

A

Pisolititc

59
Q

rounded grape-like or kidney-shaped masses

A

Reniform

60
Q

Lattice-like or network arrangement of slender columnar or threads

A

Reticulated

61
Q

Grains having the size of granulated sugar grains.

A

Saccharoidal

62
Q

resembling pendant cylinders or cones

A

Stalactitic

63
Q

Radiating individuals forming star-like or Circular groups

A

Stellated

64
Q

Property of a mineral surface which results from the manner it reflects the incident light.

A

Luster

65
Q

appearance of a mineral in the reflected light

A

Luster

66
Q

dazzling luster recognizable even at a considerable distance connected with smooth and generally even surface.

A

Splendent

67
Q

Distinctly Observed only on closer observation and is generally related to an uneven sample

A

Shining

68
Q

Feebly appearing luster even within a short distance

A

Weakly Shining

69
Q

When only a feeble light is reflected by some of the minute aggregate parts constituting the surface

A

Glimmering

70
Q

Surface does not reflect any light

A

Dull

71
Q

Bright reflectance of a metallic surface

A

Metallic luster

72
Q

Duller resistance observed when most of the light passes into the mineral and only a small portion of the incident light is reflected from the surface

A

Nonmetallic Luster

73
Q

glass -like luster, piece of broken glass

A

Vitreous or glassy luster

74
Q

Brilliant, almost oily

A

Adamantine or luster of the diamond

75
Q

Luster of a piece of resin, greasy luster

A

Resinous or waxy

76
Q

Common when a mineral has a very perfect cleavage and hence partially separated into thin plates.

A

Pearly

77
Q

Characteristic of some mineral in fibrous aggregates

A

Silky

78
Q

Relative ability of minerals to allow light to pass through them

A

Diaphaneity

79
Q

all object maybe distinctly recognized through a large or small piece of it.

A

Transparent

80
Q

a blurred image of the object can be seen through a thin small piece of it.

A

Translucent

81
Q

no perceptible degree of light is transmitted even through the thinnest piece.

A

Opaque

82
Q

Ratio of velocity of light in the air and its lesser velocity in the dense medium.

A

Refractive index

83
Q

when the light passes from one medium to another of greater refractive index, ___________, that is bent towards normal to the surface

A

Reflected

84
Q

light moves in all directions with equal velocity.

A

Isotropic

85
Q

includes non-crystalline substances such as gases, liquid and glass. also includes isometric crystals.

A

Isotropic

86
Q

has a single refractive index

A

Isotropic substance

87
Q

velocity of light varies with the crystallographic direction and except for special orientations.

A

Anisotropic

88
Q

All crystals except isometric system are

A

Anisotropic

89
Q

______ refractive indices can be measured in any crystal section

A

Two

90
Q

Wave motion is constrained to vibrate in a single plane

A

Plane polarized

91
Q

Light passing through an anisotropic crystal in all but a few special directions, is resolved into two polarized rays vibrating at right angles to each other.

A

Double refraction

Geology Board Exam Day 2 (17 decks)

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