Chemical Property Of Mineral

Question 1

The whole earth is composed of)

Answer 1

Iron (35%)
Oxygen (30%)
Silicon (15%)
Magnesium (13%)
Nickel (2.4%)
Sulfur (1.9%)
Calcium (1.1%)
Aluminum (1.1%)
Others (<1%)

Question 2

Composition of the Earth’s crust

Answer 2

Oxygen (46%)
Silicon (28%)
Aluminum (8%)
Iron (6%)
Magnesium (4%)
Calcium (2.4%)
Potassium (2.3%)
Sodium (2.1%)
Others (<1%)

Question 3

A chemical bond formed by electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.

Answer 3

Ionic bond

Question 4

Examples of mineral with ionic bonds

Answer 4

Halide

Question 5

Minerals with ionic bonds has! properties of?

Answer 5

1. Moderate degree of hardness and specific Gravity
2. Moderately high melting point
3. High degree of symmetry
4. Poor conductor

Question 6

A bond formed from the sharing of electrons between atom.

Answer 6

Covalent bond

Question 7

The strongest bond

Answer 7

Covalent bond

Question 8

Example of covalent bond?

Answer 8

Diamond

Question 9

Covalent bond produce minerals that are:

Answer 9

1. Insoluble
2. Has high melting point,
3. Hard
4. Non-conductive (due to localization of minerals)
5. Have low symmetry (due to direct bonding)

Question 10

Covalent bond is common among?

Answer 10

Elements with high numbers of vacancies in the outer shell (e.g C, Si, Al, S)

Question 11

Considered to be a type of covelent bond which valence electrons l are delocalized and are free to move from atom to atom throughout the crystal structure.

Answer 11

Metallic bond

Question 12

A type of chemical bond where he atomic nuclei and inner filled electron shells in a “sea” of electrons made up of unbound valence electrons.

Answer 12

Metallic bond

Question 13

Metallic bond yields mineral that are:

Answer 13

1. Soft
2. Ductile/Malleable
3. Highly conductive (due to easily mobile electrons)
4. High symmetry (due to non-directional bonding)

Question 14

Forces include attraction and repulsions between atoms, molecules and surface as well as intermolecular forces

Answer 14

Van der waals

Question 15

Created by weak bonding of oppositely dipolarized electron clouds. It commonly occurs around covalent bond.

Answer 15

Van der waals

Question 16

Van der Waals produces solid that are:

Answer 16

1. Soft
2. Very poor conductor
3. Has low melting points
4. Low symmetry crystals

Question 17

A weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other

Answer 17

Hydrogen bonding

Question 18

It is weaker than ionic or covalent bond but stronger than van der Waals

Answer 18

Hydrogen bonding

Question 19

Covalently bonded sheets of c loosely bounded by Van der Waals

Answer 19

Graphite

Question 20

Strongly bonded Silica tetrahedra sheets (mixed covalent and ionic) bound by weak ionic and hydrogen bonds

Answer 20

Mica

Question 21

Commonly correlate to planes of weak ionic bonding in an otherwise tightly bond atomic structure

Answer 21

Cleavage planes

Question 22

Two or more minerals whose atoms are arrange in same type of crystal structure

Answer 22

Isomorphism

Question 23

Minerals that have the different crystal system but have same chemical formula

Answer 23

Polymorphism

Question 24

Minerals are classified based on the identity of major anion or anionic group

Answer 24

Mineral classification

Question 25

The growth of mineral grain requires that the appropriate atoms and ions find each other and then chemically bond to form what will become the nucleus of a crystal.

Answer 25

Homogenous Nucleation

Question 26

New mineral nucleates by taking advantage of the structure of an existing mineral

Answer 26

Heterogeneous nucleation