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Embryology > Signal Pathways > Flashcards

Signal Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Intracellular Receptors

A
  • They have to be able to cross the membrane
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2
Q

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway In FIBROBLAST GF Signaling

A
  • FGF binds to receptor TyrK
  • G Protein is activated
  • Activation of RAS, RAF, MAP, and ERK
  • ERK translocates to Nucleus and activates Transcription factors
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3
Q

Dominant cell in Lateral Inhibition

A
  • Cell in a pop that begins to differentiate along a particular path
  • Expresses Delta signaling molecules on its cell membrane
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4
Q

Wnt Signaling Pathway in ABSENCE of Wnt

A

Beta catenins are BOUND to an IC destruction complex w/in the target cell

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5
Q

Lateral Inhibition MOA

A
  • Delta then binds to NOTCH receptors on neighboring cell

- Via the Delta-Notch pathway, represses genes in the neighboring cells

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6
Q

Overall result of Hedghog

A
  • Inhibits the inhibitor

- Results in GENE Expression

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7
Q

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway In Transforming GF BETA Signaling

A
  • TgF BETA to Ser/Thr kinase receptor type 2
  • Receptor type 2 dimerize with receptor type I
  • Smad diner Translocates to Nucleus and to co-factors which can then bind to DNA regulatory Factors
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8
Q

Wnt Signaling pathway MOA

A
  • Wnt molecule binds to FRIZZLED on target cell
  • Frizzled interacts w/ IC DISHEVELED
  • Disheveled prevents the degradation of the Beta-catenins by the destruction complex
  • Beta Catenins translocates to nucleus and activates transcription factors
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9
Q

Retinol is also known as what?

A

Vitamin A

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10
Q

Retinol Pathway MOA

A
  • Retinol bings to an EC Retinol binding protein
  • The Complex binds to a membrane RBP
  • Retinol is released into the Cytoplasm and binds to a CRBP 1
  • Retinoic acid is bound to CRABP 1 and translocates it to the Nucleus
  • Retinoic Acid binds to the DIMER RXR-RAR which binds to RARE which activates transcription
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11
Q

Hedgehog Family includes what?

A
  • Desert
  • Indian
  • Sonic Hedgehog
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12
Q

2 major groups of MiRNA’s

A
  • Piwi-interacting RNA’s

- Endogenous small interfering RNA’s

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13
Q

MicroRNA Pathway

A

Small RNA’s are small NON-Coding RN’s that influence gene expression

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14
Q

Types of Receptor molecules

A
  1. Intracellular receptors

2. Cell surface receptors

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15
Q

Hedgehog Pathway MOA

A
  • Sonic H protein in complexed w/ Cholesterol shortly after being translated
  • SHH-Cholesterol is Translocates to cell surface
  • It INHIBITS the Inhibitory actions of PATCHED on SMOOTHENED on target cell
  • Uninhibited smoothened signals try ease GLI
  • GLI translocates to the NUCLEUS and Influences gene expression
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16
Q

Delta-Notch Pathway mechanisms of Action

A
  • Cleavage of Notch IC domain
  • IC Domain complexes with DELTEX
  • Complex enters the nucleus
  • Complex binds to SUPPRESSOR of Hairless
  • New Complex binds to Enhancer of SPLIT
  • Results INHIBITORY Signal REPRESSES Gene expression
17
Q

Hedgehog Family

A

Related to the SEGMENT polarity molecule in Drosophila

18
Q

Developmental molecules that code for a Variety of mRNA’s

A
  1. Transcription factors
  2. Signaling molecules
  3. Receptor molecules
19
Q

Signal Transduction Pathway

  • How it establishes
  • Results
  • Responding cell
A
  • Established when a Ligand (signaling molecule) binds to a receptor
  • Results in a signal being transmitted to the nucleus of a responding cell
  • Responding cell produces gene products that influence the dev pathway of the cell
20
Q

Bone Morphogenic Proteins modes of action

A
  • Often inhibit other processes in the embryo

- Often act by being inhibited by other molecules

21
Q

Delta-Notch Pathway Components

A
  • Delta molecule on DOMINANT Cell

- Notch Receptor on a Neighboring cell

22
Q

Signaling factor Families

A
  1. Transforming growth factor Beta Superfamily
  2. Fibroblast growth factor family
  3. HEDGEHOG Family
  4. Won’t Family
23
Q

Cell Surface receptors

A
  • Receptors with intrinsic Protein Kinase Activity

- Receptors that utilize a second messenger system

24
Q

Lateral Inhibition

A

Type of signaling pathway b/w DOMINANT Cell and NEIGHBORING cells

25
Q

Wnt Family

A
  • Related to Segment Polarity in Drosophila
  • Often interacts with components of the EC matrix
  • Plays a diff role in Various vertebrate classes

Embryology (7 decks)

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