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Embryology > Pregnancy And Ovualtion > Flashcards

Pregnancy And Ovualtion Flashcards

1
Q

What stage is the egg arrested?

A

Metaphase II

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2
Q

Overview of the Luteal Phase

A
  • Thecal cells secrete ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE
  • Breakdown of Membrane Granulosa allows for growth of Blood vessels
  • Corpus Luteum forms in Ovary
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3
Q

Overview of Pre-ovulation

A
  • Mature Graafian follicle
  • Oocyte arrest P1
  • Expansion of follicle
  • Completion of Meiosis 1
  • Second arrest M2
  • Formation of Stigma
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4
Q

Overview of the Menstrual Phase

A
  • The Endometrial build up sloughs off

- Begins with Vasoconstrictions of the Spiral arteries that have been supplying the endometrium

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5
Q

The First arrest of the Oocyte occurs at what stage of the cell cycle?

A

Arrested in the Diplotene of Prophase I

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6
Q

The Second arrest of the Oocyte occurs at what stage of the cell cycle?

A

Occurs at the Metaphase II

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7
Q

Overview of Proliferation Phase

A
  • Endometrial growth increases from 1-2 to 8-10 mm by day 14
  • Blood vessels and glands grow in the endometrium
  • Sharp rise in Estradiol levels
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8
Q

What happens if fertilization does not occur?

A
  • Corpus Luteum regresses
  • Estrogen & Progesterone levels decrease
  • Results in the beginning of the next menstrual phase
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9
Q

When does the Endometrial Cycle Begin?

A

The first day of Menstruation and Ends 28 days later

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10
Q

Overview of the Endometrial Cycle

A
  • Prepares the lining of the uterus to receive the FERTILIZED Egg
  • If no fertilization, VASOCONSTRICTION of the spiral arterioles followed by sloughing off of the endometrium occurs
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11
Q

Layers of the walls of the Uterus

A
  1. Myometrium

2. Endometrium

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12
Q

Myometrium

A
  • Thickest Layer of the Uterus

- Composed of Smooth Muscle Tissue

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13
Q

What do THECAL cells secrete?

A

Progesterone

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14
Q

What is Ovulated at Day 14

A
  • Ovum at M2
  • 1st polar body
  • Zona pellucida
  • Corona Radiata
  • Cumulus Oophorus
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15
Q

Corona Radiata

A

Surrounds the egg in a layer of follicle cells

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16
Q

What happens to the follicles during menopause?

A
  • All of the follicles have either degenerated or have undergone Ovulation
  • There are NO follicles left to produce Estradiol and Progesterone
17
Q

Fate of Corpus Luteum if fertilization occurs

A
  • HCG from placental tissues maintains fxnl Corpus Luteum
  • Granulosa Lutein cells are replaced by Theca Lutein cells
  • Corpus Luteum remains fxnl several months into pregnancy
18
Q

The Early female embryo starts out with how many Oogonia cells?

How many last immediately after Birth?

A
  1. 7 million

2. 400K

19
Q

When does Ovulation occur?

A

On Day 14 of the cycle

20
Q

Follicular phase overview

A
  • Dev. of the mature Graafian follicle
  • Dev. of Secondary Oocyte w/in the ovary
  • Dev. of the GRAAFIAN follicle under influence of FSH
21
Q

Overview of Ovulation

A
  • Stimulus arises from a Sharp rise in LH
  • An Egg is released from the Graafian Follicle
  • The outer part of the Graafian follicle remains behind and is made up of Thecal cells
22
Q

Overview of the Ovulation

A
  • LH surge
  • Increase blood flow to follicle wall
  • Thickening of outer follicle layers
23
Q

What controls the Secretory phase?

A

Rising levels of Progensterone

24
Q

T/F: All of the Stem cells (Oogonia) are Committed to the first half of Meiosis prior to birth.

A

True

25
Q

What causes the expansion of the follicle during the Pre-Ovulation stage?

A

FSH and LH

26
Q

When does the Follicular phase occur?

A

Days 1 - 14 of the menstrual cycle

27
Q

Overview of the Secretory Phase

A
  • Estrogen DECREASES
  • Endometrial growth stops
  • Mucous glands develop
  • Heavily vascularized
28
Q

Endometrial Cycle Substages

A
  1. Menstrual Phase
    - Days 1 - 4 or 5
  2. Proliferation Phase
    - Days 4 - 14
  3. Secretory Phase
    - Days 15 - 28
29
Q

Corpus Albicans

A

Regressed form of the Corpus Luteum

30
Q

The Purpose of Estrogen and Progesterone in Luteal phase.

A

To maintain the implantation of the fertilized oocyte

31
Q

What cells secrete Progesterone?

A
  • Granulosa

&

  • Thecal Cells
32
Q

When does implantation of the egg usually occur?

A

7 days AFTER Ovulation

33
Q

Ovarian Cycle Substages

A
  1. Follicular Phase
  2. Ovulation
  3. Luteal Phase
34
Q

What stimulates the release of FSH?

A

FSH Releasing Factor from the Hypothalamus

Embryology (7 decks)

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