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Embryology > Gametogenesis I > Flashcards

Gametogenesis I Flashcards

1
Q

Diakiesis Phase

A
  • Crossing over complete

- Spindle apparatus in place

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2
Q

Prophase II

A
  • Chromosomes begin to condense again

- Spindle reforms

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3
Q

Stages of Meiosis

A

PMAT I —> PMAT II

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4
Q

T/F: Most mammals have an EMPTY yolk sac.

A

True

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5
Q

Morphogenesis

A

Generation of form

Or

Assumption of new shape

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6
Q

Determination

A

Cells become RESTRICTED to a given developmental pathway

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7
Q

Where are the FIRST Germ cells found?

A

In the ENDO-dermal layer of the Yolk sac

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8
Q

The 4 phases of Gametogenesis

A
  1. Germ cells Migrate to gonads
  2. Increase in # of germ cells by MITOSIS
  3. Reduction in Chromosomal # by MEIOSIS
  4. Structural and Functional maturation of Eggs and Sperm
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9
Q

Leptotene phase

A
  • Chromosomes are threadlike

- They begin to COIL

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10
Q

What is the End result of Meiosis?

A

4 genetically Unique HAPLOID Daughter cells

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11
Q

What is a Teratoma?

A
  • Growth from Misdirected migrating primordial germ cells.

- Contains mixtures of Highly differentiated tissues

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12
Q

Metaphase I

A
  • Tetrads line up

- Centromeres do NOT divide

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13
Q

Pachytene Phase

A
  • Max Coiling

- Tetrads (crossing over begins)

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14
Q

Anaphase I

A
  • Homologous chromosomes move to OPPOSITE side
    (Consist of 2 chromatids)
  • Chromatids are NOT genetically identical
  • Establishment of HAPLOID
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15
Q

What is Embryology?

A

The study of the Embryo

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16
Q

Integration

A

Different Tissues are brought together and combined to form organs an tissues

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17
Q

Prophase I vs Prophase II

A

PI: 2n, 4c

PII: 1n, 2c

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18
Q

Induction

A

The effect that one tissue (Inductor) has upon another (responder)

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19
Q

Telophase I

A
  • Nuclear membranes reform
  • Spindle disassembles
  • Chromosomes uncoil
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20
Q

What are the 6 Component Processes

A
  1. Determination
  2. Differentiation
  3. Growth
  4. Morphogenesis
  5. Induction
  6. Integration
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21
Q

Sub-parts of Prophase I

A
  1. Leptotene
  2. Zygotene
  3. Pachytene
  4. Diplotene
  5. Diakinesis
22
Q

Zygotene phase

A

Homologous chromosomes PAIR

  • complex forms
23
Q

3 sections of Human ontogeny

A
  1. Prenatal
  2. Postnatal
  3. Adult
24
Q

Aneuploidy

  1. Def
  2. Examples
A
  1. Abnormal # of Chromosomes

2. Monosomy and Trisomy

25
Q

T/F: Genes may be Activated or Inactivated throughout development

A

True

26
Q

Changes that can occur in part of the Chromosome

A
  1. Translocations
  2. Deletions
  3. Inversions
  4. Duplications
27
Q

What are Atretic Follicles?

A

Spontaneous Degenerated follicles

28
Q

Component Processes Mnemonic

A

DErrick DIssed GReg

&

MOlly INDUCed INTEractions

29
Q

Diplotene Phase

A
  • Crossing over continues

- Chiasmata well defined

30
Q

When do the primordial germ cells first appear?

A

24 days AFTER Fertilization

31
Q

T/F: Intrinsic factors (genes) do NOT limit Extrinsic factor (envrnmt) fxns.

A

False

Intrinsic factors DO limits Extrinsic factors.

32
Q

Prior to Ovulation the Secondary Oocytes are arrested at what phase?

A

Metaphase II

33
Q

Differentiation often results in what?

A

Luxury Molecules

  • Stuff that the cell itself does not need BUT the BODY as a whole needs.
34
Q

Telophase II

A
  • Chromosomes uncoil

- Cytokinesis complete

35
Q

Migration Route of primordial germ cells

A

Start in the YOLK sac

—> Hindgut Epithelium

——> Through Dorsal MESENTERY

———> End developing GONADS

36
Q

Hyperplasia vs Hypertrophy

A
  1. Inc in Cell #

2. Inc in Cell SIZE

37
Q

RESULTS of Meiosis

A
  1. Inc in cell # (male)
  2. Daughter cells are NOT genetically identical
  3. Daughter cells are Haploid
38
Q

All development ultimately rests on ____?

A

Genes

39
Q

What is Meiosis

A

2 NON-Identical, consecutive cell division

40
Q

T/F: All Oogonia develop into Primary oocytes in the Early EMBRYO.

A

True

41
Q

Metaphase II

A

Chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

42
Q

Major events in Meiosis

A
  1. Pairing of the homologous chromosomes
  2. CROSSING over
  3. 2 cycles of Division, but ONE cycle of DNA Replication
43
Q

After birth, there are approx ____ Primary oocytes. Only ______ will survive to Puberty and only _____ eggs will actually be ovulated

A
  1. 400K
  2. 40K
  3. 400
44
Q

What is Embryogeny?

A

The part of ONTOGENY from

Conception ———> Birth/Hatching

45
Q

T/F: The Properties of the Embryo are diff from the adult.

A

True

46
Q

What kind of cells develop FSH and LH receptors

A

Granulosa Cells

47
Q

Anaphase II

A
  • CENTROMERES divide

- Each chromosome consists of ONE Chromatid

48
Q

What is Ontogeny?

A

Includes ALL developmental processes from

Conception ———> Death

49
Q

Differentiation

A

Complex Changes of structure and function

50
Q

Factors leading to the Meiotic arrest at the Diplotene stage

A
  1. High [cAMP]
  2. cGMP from follicular cells inactivate the PDEA 3A in oocyte
    - prevents conversion of cAMP to 5’AMP
    - maintains high [cAMP]

Embryology (7 decks)

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