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Embryology > Developmental Genetics > Flashcards

Developmental Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Gain-of-fxn mutations in Homeobox-Containing genes

A

Result is ANTERIOR to Posterior transformations

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2
Q

How many thoracic segments does a drosophila have?

A
  • 3

- That’s why they have 6 legs

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3
Q

Fxn of Maternal Effect genes

A

Establish GRADIENTS from Ant. To Post. POLES of the egg

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4
Q

Gene Hierarchy in Drosophola

A
  • Egg Polarity
  • Segmentation genes
  • Homeotic Genes
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5
Q

Fxn Segmentation Segment-Polarity Genes

A

Define 14 segments

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6
Q

Homeobox-Containing genes are activated in what direction?

A

3’ to 5’

  • OPPOSITE of transcription
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7
Q

Sox Genes

A
  • High mobility group domain that binds to MINOR groove on DNA Helix rather than the MAJOR groove
  • Includes SRY gene
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8
Q

Overall time for Drosophila life cycle from Egg to Adult

A

9 days

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9
Q

How many Segmentation Genes are in Drosophila?

A

25

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10
Q

Drosophila dev gene Flow Chart

A
  1. Egg-Polarity
  2. Gap
  3. Pair-Rule
  4. Segment-Polarity
  5. Homeotic
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11
Q

Loss-of-fxn mutations in Homeobox-Containing genes

A

Results in POSTERIOR to Anterior transformations

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12
Q

Bithorax Complex

A
  • Affects the dev. Of the POST. Thorax

- Affects the dev of the ABDOMINAL Segments

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13
Q

Antenna-Pedia Complex

A
  • Affects the dev. Of the HEAD and THORAX
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14
Q

Egg polarity genes that establish Anterior-Posterior axis

A
  • Bicoid
  • Nanos
  • Hunchback

“ Boobs N Hooters”

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15
Q

Homeobox

A

Highly conserved sequence of 180 NT

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16
Q

Pole cells

A
  • Nuclei at one end of the blastoderm dev. Into Pole cells

- They become Primordial GERM Cells

17
Q

Fxn of Homeotic Genes

A

Determine regional Characteristics

18
Q

2 major groups of Homeotic genes in Drosophila

A
  1. Antenna-Pedia Complex

2. Bithorax Complex

19
Q

Egg polarity genes that establish Dorsal-Ventral axis

A
  • Dorsal
  • Toll
  • Cactus

“Dick to Cock”

20
Q

Egg polarity genes in drosophila

A

MATERNAL Effect genes

  • Important for establishment of the Dorsal-Ventral axes
  • Important for establishment of the Anterior-Posterior axes
21
Q

T-box genes

A
  • Contain a Coserved T-box coding 180-200aa

- Plays a role in inducing MESODERMAL germ layer and in coordinating the outgrowth of the ARM or LEG

22
Q

Homeotic Genes

A

Hox Genes

  1. Antenna-Pedia Complex
  2. Bithorax Complex
23
Q

Forkhead (Fox) Genes

A
  • Type of HLH family

- Expressed in many Developing Organs throughout the body

24
Q

What are the Segmentation genes?

A
  1. Gap Genes
  2. Pair-Rule Genes
  3. Segment-Polarity Genes
25
Q

Def. Of Homeobox-Containing Genes

A
  • Highly CONSERVED Sequence of 180NT

- Codes for the 60aa HOMEO-DOMAIN found in homeodomain transcription factor

26
Q

Fxn Segmentation Pair-Rule Genes

A

Define 7 Segments

27
Q

Examples of Homeobox-Containing Genes

A
  • Hox gene
  • Pax gene
  • POU genes
  • Lim Protein Genes
28
Q

What is a Morphogen?

A
  • A protein that VARIES in [ ]

- Causes diff dev responses as a result of the [ ] differences

29
Q

Zinc finger transcription factors

A
  • These proteins have ZINC ions bound to polypeptide chain

- Cause to form FINGER-Like projections that can be inserted into the DNE helix

30
Q

WT1

A

Aka Wilms Tumor

  • Important for the development of the embryonic/adult kidney
31
Q

What is larger: Homeobox or Homeodoman?

A

Homeobox

32
Q

Helix-Loop-Helix Genes

A
  • Code for basic HLH transcription factors
  • Involved in HOMO-dimerization and HETERO-dimerization
  • Important in Myogenesis
33
Q

Characteristics of Homeobox-Containing Genes

A
  • Major role in Vertebrates w/ regard to CRANIO-CAUDAL Segmentation
  • Major role in development of organs
34
Q

Fxn Segmentation GAP Genes

A

Defines BROAD regions in the egg

35
Q

Major Homeobox-Containing Genes

A
  1. T-Box (Tbx) Genes
  2. Helix-loop-Helix Genes
  3. Forehead (Fox) Genes

Embryology (7 decks)

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