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Sick Term Infant Flashcards

1
Q

What is the neonatal period?

A

0-27 days postnatal

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2
Q

What is the APGAR score out of?

A

0-10 (0, 1, or 2 for each category)

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3
Q

How is appearance scored?

A

0: Blue or pale
1: Blue in extremities/body pink
2: No cyanosis

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4
Q

How is pulse scored?

A

0: Absent
1: <100
2: >100

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5
Q

How is grimace (reflex irritability) scored?

A

0: No response
1: Grimace/feeble cry when stimulated
2: Cry or pull away when stimulated

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6
Q

How is activity (muscle tone) scored?

A

0: None
1: Some flexion
2: Flexed arms and legs that resist extension

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7
Q

How is respiration scored?

A

0: Absent
1: Weak, irregular, gasping
2: Strong cry

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8
Q

What is the involved in the newborn clinical assessment?

A 
Respiratory rate: 40 – 60 / minute
Work of breathing / respiratory effort
HR: 120 - 140 / minute
Cap refill 2 - 3 seconds?
BP ?
Colour – pink/blue/white
SaO2 95%
Others – jaundice, low tone (floppy), seizures, poor feeding, bilious vomit
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9
Q

How would poor circulation be managed in the newborn?

A

Fluids

Inotropes

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10
Q

What are some possible sites and types of infection in the newborn?

A 
Blood stream- bacteraemia/septicaemia
CNS- meningitis
Respiratory- pneumonia
GU- UIT
Skin
Bone
GI- necrotising enterocolitis
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11
Q

What are some possible bacterial infections of the newborn?

A 
Group B Streptococcus
E. Coli
Listeria myocytogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Staph epidermidis
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12
Q

What are some possible viral infections of the newborn?

A 
CMV
Parvovirus
Herpes viruses
Enteroviruses
Toxoplasma gondii
HIV
Syphilis- treponema pallidum
TORCH
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13
Q

What is hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy?

A

Multi organ damage due to tissue hypoxia

Pregnancy/birth related

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14
Q

What are some pregnancy/birth related respiratory complications?

A

Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN)

Pneumothorax- spontaneous vs 2’ active resuscitation

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15
Q

What are some pregnancy/birth related cardiac complications?

A

HF- hydrops foetalis: rhesus disease, chromosomal

Failure to adapt to postnatal life: PPHN

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16
Q

What are some cardiac congenital abnormalities?

A 
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of great arteries
Coarctation of the aorta
TAPVD
Hypoplastic heart
17
Q

What are some respiratory congenital abnormalities?

A

Tracheo-oesophageal fistula

Diaphragmatic hernia

18
Q

What are some neurological congenital abnormalities?

A

Microcephaly

Spina bifida

19
Q

What are some renal congenital abnormalities?

A

Potters syndrome

20
Q

What are some muscular congenital abnormalities?

A

MD

Reproduction (40 decks)

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