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Menopause Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average age if menopause?

A

51yo

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2
Q

What is early menopause?

A

<45yo

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3
Q

What is premature menopause?

A

<40yo

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4
Q

What is late menopause?

A

> 54yo

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5
Q

How much ova do women have at birth?

A

~1million

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6
Q

What are the effects of oestrogen?

A 
Secondary sexual characteristics
Hair distribution, body shape &amp; fat distribution
Effect on collagen
Bone growth
Proliferates endometrium
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7
Q

How is menopause diagnosed?

A

Symptoms
Pattern of periods
Blood tests

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8
Q

Describe FSH and LH release

A

Released in pulsatile fashion
Single raised level does not confirm menopause
Raised just prior to ovulation
Raised with stopping COCP or depo
Raised with breastfeeding or certain medication (SSRI)

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9
Q

What are the physical symptoms of menopause?

A 
Hot flushes
Night sweats
Palpitations
Insomnia
Joint aches
Headaches
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10
Q

Describe hot flushes in menopause?

A

60-80% of women
20% severe
Average 2 years, 10% for 15yrs
Last 3-5mins

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11
Q

What are the psychological symptoms of menopause?

A 
Mood swings
Irritability
Anxiety
Difficulty concentrating
Forgetfulness
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12
Q

What are the sexual symptoms of menopause?

A

Vaginal dryness

Loss of libido

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13
Q

What are later symptoms of menopause?

A 
Increased urine frequency
Recurrent UTIs
Dysuria
Incontinence
Dry hair and skin
Atrophy of breast and genitals
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14
Q

What perimenopausal DUB can occur?

A

Irregular periods
IMB
PMB

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15
Q

What is the conservative management of menopause?

A 
Diet
Wt loss
Exercise
Lifestyle
Caffeine
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16
Q

What are some treatments for menorrhagia?

A 
Mefenamic acid
Tranexamic acid
Progesterones
Intra-uterine system
Endometrial ablation
Hysterectomy
17
Q

In what forms can HRT be used in menopause treatment?

A

Oestrogen alone
Oestrogen and progesterone
Topical or oral

18
Q

What are the benefits of HRT?

A

Symptom control
Quality of life
Reduced Osteoporotic fracture
Reduced Bowel cancer
Possibly protective Alzheimer’s & Parkinson’s diseases
HRT <10years after menopause fewer risks and less cardiovascular events

19
Q

What are the risks of HRT?

A 
VTE (2-7 extra /1000)
CVA
Breast cancer (6 extra /1000)
Gallbladder disease
HRT >20 years after the menopause greater risk of harm
20
Q

What are some non-HRT menopausal treatments?

A 
Clonidine
SSRIs
Regelle
Yes 
Sylk

Reproduction (40 decks)

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