SI (still bc FML) Flashcards
Canine Parvoviral Enteritis is caused by Type 2 Canine Parvovirus, how is it transmitted?
Fecal oral
T/F Canine Parvoviral Enteritis is not contagious.
False. It’s contagious af.
How long do dogs shed canine parvoviral enteritis (let’s call it CPV bc mama can’t type it out all day long)?
Affected dogs shed virus and up to 8-10 days after acute illness.
Why is CPV so difficult to manage?
Because it remains infectious in the environment for months.
CPV likes what kind of cells?
Rapidly dividing cells: GIT, bone marrow, LNs
What is the presentation for pups presenting with CPV?
Ill within 4-7d after infection. Young pups up to 6 months. Can be seen in older, unvax dogs.
CS aren’t particularly thrilling? V, D, depression, anorexia, hypothermia
What is seen in the CBC of 65% of cases of CPV?
Leukopenia- up to 65% of cases
What is present on the chemistry for CPV?
HYPOglycemia and HYPOproteinemia
What massive aspect of supportive care is needed if want CPV patients to live?
Fluids!
Blue box: what are some complications with CPV?
Sepsis, intussusception, pneumonia, DIC
Patients with CPV desperately need supportive care. What are some examples of these?
Fluids, electrolytes, dextrose, antacids, antiemetics, pain mgmt, antibiotics to decrease risk of sepsis, colloids (Vetstarch, plasma, blood)
What is the prognosis for CPV?
If survive first 3-4 days then likely to make full recovery.
68%- 92% survival w supportive care.
Feline Panleukopenia: similar af to CPV. Blue box! What diagnostic method can we use?!
Can use canine snap test to diagnose!!
What’s the prognosis for Feline Panleukopenia ?
50-90% fatal without aggressive support.
What is a major clinical sign of Feline Panleukopenia?
Cerebellar hypoplasia: associated w perinatal infection
What disease can feline enteric coronavirus mutate to look like?
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Blue Box: For intestinal neoplasia: Neoplasias can be mass lesion or infiltrative which may NOT show up as changes on US. So what diagnostic methods do we need?
Need FNA and biopsy!!
Small cell lymphoma is over represented in what species?
Cats
Small cell lymphoma is an infiltrative dz. How are we gonna tx it?
Chlorambucil or PrednisOLONE (it’s a pussy dz, remember?)
Telescoping of one bowel loop into the adjacent segment is known as what?
Intussusception
What diseases are intussusceptions associated with?
Parvovirus
Masses
Any lesion causing diffuse ileus (arrest of intestinal peristalsis)
Intussusceptions are the most common cause of what?
Most common cause of extraluminal obstruction #1 site: ileocolic jxn
The follow are predisposed to developing what?
Young animals w severe gastroenteritis
Neoplasia in older animals
Postparturient bitches
Predisposed to developing intussusception
What are some characteristic findings that we’ll see when diagnosing intussusception?
Palpate tube like mass
US: double walled structure!! Characteristic bullseye!
T/F Intestinal volvulus has a good prognosis.
Nah, it’s often fatal.
When performing sx on patient with intestinal volvulus, what will we find?
Bowel is most often diffusely necrotic.
What kind of GI signs will we see with intestinal hernias?
INTERMITTENT Gi signs
SI loops slip outside ab cavity into SQ tissues
Can lead to strangulation and necrosis of intestines
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) leads to insufficient secretion an production of pancreatic enzymes which then leads to what?
MALDIGESTION (blue letters!)
Insufficient secretion and production of pancreatic enzymes leads to . . .
Acinar atrophy (genetic or immune mediated)
Chronic Pancreatitis
Apalasia or Hypoplasia- congenital
What breeds are predisposed to EPI?
GS, Rough coat collie, Eurasians
***Important AF!! What is the major major major clinical sign seen in EPI?
Weight loss DESPITE eating a ton!!! #1 sign! Often the ONLY sign seen in cats.
ALSO!!! Loose stools –> steatorrhea (blue letters!); excess presence of fat in the feces; pale, oily appearance; foul smelling!
Ravenous appetite
Poor hair coat
Flatulence
What do we do to dx EPI?
TLI level! It is species specific and checks measurement of pancreatic enzymes. Measures trypsin, trypsin bound to proteinase inhibitors & trypsinogen
Also, B12!! OFTEN LOW IN EPI! and needs supplementation
What is the bizarre way in which we tx EPI?
By giving dried pancreatic extract powder (pork, beef) or by giving fresh pancreas
We also give B12 supplementation: Blue box: teach clients to give these injections at home`
Clicker question: T/F The canine parvovirus snap test can be used to DI cats w panleukopenia.
True!