Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SAM II > Non Obstructed LUTD > Flashcards

Non Obstructed LUTD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 components of the lower urinary tract?

A
  1. bladder
  2. urethra
  3. prostate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 6 things we will with LUTD?

A
  1. Dysuria
  2. Pollakiuria/ periuria
  3. Stranguria
  4. Pigmenturia
  5. Incomplete voiding: palpate bladder after urinating and still has urine in it
  6. Urinary incontinence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define dysuria

A

painful peeing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define pollakuria/periuria

A

peeing all over the place; excessive urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define stranguria

A

straining to pee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define pigmenturia

A

different color of pee than what it normally is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes dysuria/stranguria/pollakiuria?

A
  1. Irritation of bladder: bacterial, uroliths, interstitial cystitis
  2. Neurological bladder
  3. Secondary LUTD
  4. Neoplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do we dx LUTD?

A 
Use fricken everything. 
Collect urine free flow and cystocentesis 
Urinalysis including microscope exam/sedimentation
Urine culture
Urine cytology 
Rads
US
Contrast studies etc etc etc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

One of the main things we see with LUTD is discolored urine. What color will bilirubinuria be? What about hematuria?

A 
Bilirubin = dark yellow/orange
Hematuria = red/port wine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F Bacterial agents tend to be the major cause behind UTIs.

A

True. Bacteria account for 99% of infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the incidence of UTIs in dogs and cats?

A

Dogs: common: 14% of dogs affected: female
Cats: less common; incidence increases with advancing age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What 4 things cause LUTD?

A
  1. UTI
  2. pyuria (pus inside urine >5 WBC/HPF high powered field)
  3. Significant bacteriuria
  4. Inflammation (cat) vs infection (dog)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F Microbial factors include adherence factors, hemolysin, urease, mucosal defenses and capsules.

A

False, includes all of those except mucosal defenses.
Mucosal defenses, normal micturition, urine properties, immune system and anatomy are all ways in which the host protects itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common microbial isolate?

A

E. coli most common (33-50%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the second most common microbial isolate?

A

Gram positive cocci (25-33%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F Most infections contain multiple species.

A

False. Most infections are single species: 75%

17
Q

Ascending or hematogenous is the most common route of infection?

A

Ascending

18
Q

What is our gold standard test?

A

Urine culture!!!

19
Q

How do we tx uncomplicated UTIs?

A

Drug choice: Amoxicillin and cephalosporins, TMS

Duration: 10-14 days

20
Q

Are cultures necessary for complicated UTIs?

A

Yes!!

21
Q

What is the difference btwn reinfection/superinfection and relapse?

A

Reinfection/superinfection is infection with new or different organism

Relapse is infection with the SAME organism/strain

22
Q

Explain reinfection/superinfection UTIs

A
  • New/different organisms
  • C & S positive >7 days after last tx course (REINFECTION)
  • C & S positive at day 7 after starting antibiotics (SUPER)
23
Q

Explain relapse UTIs

A
  • SAME organism/strain 7 days AFTER last tx
  • have to look into inappropriate drug, dose, frequency, duration
  • pyelonephritis, nidus of infection
24
Q

How do we determine the cause of a RECURRENT UTI?

A
  1. Imaging: Rads and US
  2. CULTURE NECESSARY!
  3. Search for underlying dz
  4. Search for a nidus (stone, suture)
25
Q

During tx of RECURRENT UTI, when do we culture?

Pre therapy
During therapy
Post therapy

A

CULTURE AT ALL 3 TIMES!

26
Q

How long do we tx RECURRENT UTI?

2-4 wks
4-6 wks
6-8 wks
8-10 wks

A

Extended course (4-6 wks)

27
Q

How do we tx a REINFECTION UTI?

A

Prophylactic Therapy!

  • once infection is eradicated
  • LAST RESORT
  • drug that concentrates in urine; few side effects
  • once daily, bedtime administration so it sits in der alllll night, 30-50% of original dose
  • Nitrofurantoin is good choice! Urinary disinfectant
  • regular microbiology (q 4 weekly)
  • if negative C & S for 6 months - discontinue!
  • monitor C & S for 3 months after discontinuation (q 1 monthly) then q 3 months (1 yr)
28
Q

What species is primarily responsible for fungal UTIs?

A

Candida spp

SAM II (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions